首页
登录
职称英语
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary e
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary e
游客
2025-01-04
17
管理
问题
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’ s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women’s work". The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women’s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home. [br] The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the 20th century was NOT due to ______.
选项
A、their economic necessity
B、more women employers
C、shortage of single women workers
D、high marriage rates
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3898343.html
相关试题推荐
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofwork-hasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofwork-hasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofwork-hasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionarye
Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyi
Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyi
Duringthe1970’sand1980’spoliticalextremismandterrorismfrequentlyfoc
Duringthe1970’sand1980’spoliticalextremismandterrorismfrequentlyfoc
随机试题
Whentheyadviseyourkidsto"getaneducation"ifyouwanttoraiseyouri
Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofd
云锦(cloud—patternbrocade)是我国优秀传统文化的杰出代表,由于用料考究、织工精细、图案色彩典雅富丽,宛如天上彩云般的瑰丽,故称“云
屈原是中国最早的浪漫主义诗人,是楚国大夫。为了抵御强秦,他提议与齐国结盟。但因奸臣诽谤(slander),他被免职、流放。怀着对国家和人民的满腔热忱,他创作了许
A.40MPa B.60MPa C.50MPa D.20MPa
乳突手术时确定鼓窦位置的重要标志是()A.鼓乳裂 B.道上三角区
下列需要申领施工许可证的是( )。A.开工报告已获得批复 B.某工厂建设食堂
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
张华,女,44岁,有一个正在本地读大学一年级的女儿,丈夫在女儿幼年时就因病去世。
ABC会计师事务所的A注册会计师负责审计上市公司甲公司2013年度财务报表。下列
最新回复
(
0
)