首页
登录
职称英语
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accu
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accu
游客
2025-01-04
33
管理
问题
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. (426 words) [br] The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ______.
选项
A、sociology and chemistry
B、physics and psychology
C、sociology and psychology
D、physics and chemistry
答案
D
解析
第二段的第三句和第四句提到19世纪英国的专业化的发展使得从事科研活动的非专业人员面临越来越大的困难,在以数学训练和实验室训练为依托的学科中尤其突出。故选只有D项“物理与化学”符合。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3897767.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]INTERVIEWER:You’reanexpertontheurbanproblem,Mr.Cross.I
[originaltext]INTERVIEWER:You’reanexpertontheurbanproblem,Mr.Cross.I
Bothsubsistenceandcommercialfarmersfaceasimilarproblem:farmingisno
Well-traveledAmericanbusinesspeopleareincreasinglyrealizingthattheym
Well-traveledAmericanbusinesspeopleareincreasinglyrealizingthattheym
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccu
随机试题
[originaltext]M:Youthinkyoungpeoplearegiventoomuchfreedomnowadays,an
WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTambiguous?A、Thedoctorlookedovermyhe
Throughoutthenation’smorethan15,000schooldistricts,widelydiffering
初中音乐《春节序曲》 一、考题回顾
设计单位()依据建筑节能标准的要求进行设计,保证建筑节能设计质量。A.可以
下列关于城市污水厂污泥输送设计的说法与做法,不正确的是哪项?( )A.压力输泥
患女,35岁。白带增多,色黄而臭,治疗应选何性味的药物()A.辛、寒 B
振兴村2019年集体资产经营与财务收支业务如下: (1)1月,该村通过清产
患儿3岁,上颌牙龈反复肿胀流脓就诊。检查上颌乳中切牙残根,牙龈红肿有瘘管,挤压有
(2020年真题)资本项目可兑换带来的风险主要有()。A.要素流动固化
最新回复
(
0
)