首页
登录
职称英语
[originaltext]J: Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency. Some sch
[originaltext]J: Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency. Some sch
游客
2024-11-07
30
管理
问题
J: Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency. Some scholars introduced a "wave" model in which linguistic changes spread like waves, leading ultimately to convergence. That is, growing similarity among languages that were initially quite different.
I: While divergence indicates tendency of differentiating languages, convergence means similarity of languages.
J: Right. Besides that, most linguists think primarily in terms of linguistic family trees. They find it necessary to construct some explicit models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view.
I: Have they formed some models?
J: So far, there are four main classes of models. The first is the process of initial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language naturally becomes that of the colonizers. The second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. The wave model, formulated by Johannes Schmidt in the 1870’s, is an example. But convergence methods have not generally found favors among linguists.
I: What is the fourth class?
J: The slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models. In many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside.
I: Just like American Indians hardly use their original language right now. They speak English, instead.
J: Yes. Anyway, if this large complicating factor was not discovered, the world’s linguistic history would be described by the traditional view of an Ur-language, followed by the gradual, long-term workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages.
I: I quite agree. Well, Joanna, thank you for giving us so much information on the origins of Indo-European languages.
J: My pleasure.
I: Next week, we will have Professor Linda Smith from Oxford University to tell us the development of English in recent decades. I will meet you then the same time. Bye-bye.
6. What do linguistic family trees mainly indicate?
7. How many classes of models are there in the development of languages?
8. When did the wave model formulate?
9. Which factor provides the basis for the fourth class of model?
10. What does Joanna think of the linguistic replacement factor in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages?
选项
A、Grammar replacement.
B、Phonology replacement.
C、Pronounce replacement.
D、Linguistic replacement.
答案
D
解析
信息题。受访者提到:The slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor:linguistic replacement.That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models.所以linguistic replacement语言替换是第四种模式的基础。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3835297.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]M:Allright,thisnextoneisanexecutivepastrychefthatist
[originaltext]M:Allright,thisnextoneisanexecutivepastrychefthatist
[originaltext]M:Theconceptthatyoucanearnahighsalarywithouthavingac
[originaltext]M:Theconceptthatyoucanearnahighsalarywithouthavingac
[originaltext]M:Theconceptthatyoucanearnahighsalarywithouthavingac
[originaltext]W:Well,isithardertobeacomedianorascientist?M:Ithink
[originaltext]W:Well,isithardertobeacomedianorascientist?M:Ithink
[originaltext]W:Well,isithardertobeacomedianorascientist?M:Ithink
[originaltext]W:Welcometoourprogram.Thisweek,wewouldliketotalkabout
[originaltext]W:Welcometoourprogram.Thisweek,wewouldliketotalkabout
随机试题
•Therearethirtyquestionsonthisquestionpaper.•Instructionsaregivenon
ItturnedoutthatthemanwasanexcellentpolicemanworkinginNewYork,_____
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedby
成本递增行业
图示为等腰直角三角形单元体,已知两直角边表示的截面上只有剪应力,且等于τ0,则底
2008届本科毕业生自主创业的风险因素中其他因素和技术水平不高所占的比重的总
在施工总承包的特点中,下列关于投资控制说法正确的是()。A:一般以施工图设计为
商代是高度发达的青铜时代,下列物件不可能出现在商代的是()。A. B.
关于SF6封闭式组合电器的使用环境和条件,叙述有误的是()。 A.在大城市中
(2021年真题)下列引起工程费用偏差的情形中,属于施工单位原因的是()。A
最新回复
(
0
)