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  3. Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following

Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following

游客2024-10-18  26
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving. [br] 【C4】
选项 A、processions
B、individuals
C、teams
D、parades
答案 B
解析 名词辨析题。句意为：早先的研究表明大群的鱼类所做的决策比单个的鱼或小群的鱼更好。本句为比较句型，考生应先抓住所比较的对象和方面。在本句中，鱼类不是比较对象，比较的是鱼类的规模，故由句中的large groups和small groups，可知空格处应该选择individuals“个体”，才可与large groups和small groups形成对照关系。其余三项processions“行列，队伍”，teams“小组”和parades“游行，阅兵”不能与large groups和small groups形成规模上的层次差别，因此均不合上下文语境。
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