首页
登录
职称英语
Shyness is a psychological state that causes a person to feel discomfort i
Shyness is a psychological state that causes a person to feel discomfort i
游客
2024-10-06
11
管理
问题
Shyness is a psychological state that causes a person to feel discomfort in social situations in ways that interfere with enjoyment or that cause avoidance of social contacts altogether. It can vary from mild feelings to moderately uncomfortable in social circumstances to debilitating levels of anxiety that interfere in children with the process of socialization. Shyness is a personality trait that affects a child’s temperament. Some infants are born shy and more sensitive. Some of them are quiet when new people enter a room. A shy baby might sink his head into his mother’s shoulder, while a baby who is outgoing might smile or squeal with delight when someone new visits. Some children may feel shy in certain situations, like when meeting new people. Other children may learn to be shy because of experiences in school or at home. As of 2004, research tended to distinguish shyness from introversion. Introverts simply prefer solitary to social activities but do not fear social encounters as shy people do.
Evidence suggests a genetic component to shyness. Studies on the biological basis of shyness have shown that shyness in adults can often be traced as far back ns the age of three. A Harvard study of two-year olds showed that, even at that age, widely different personality types can be recognized: roughly 25 percent of children are bold, sociable, and spontaneous regardless of the novelty of the situation, while 20 percent are shy and restrained in new situations. The remaining 55 percent of newborns fall between the extremes of shyness and boldness. These two basic temperaments were also recognized in studies examining infants as young as four months old. As children grow, their shy temperament tends to display itself in predictable ways: for example, in play groups at age seven, shy children play by themselves, while more outgoing children seek to play together in groups. Evidence of a genetic predisposition for shyness is found in parents and grandparents of shy infants who report childhood shyness more often than relatives of children who are not shy. Further evidence for a congenital link to shyness is found In studies that show that identical twins (who have identical genes) are more likely to be shy than fraternal twins (who are no more alike than other siblings).
Research shows, however, that 25 percent of the time genetic predisposition to shyness does not develop into shyness. Some researchers believe that a shy temperament may require environmental triggers, such as insecurity of attachment in the form of difficult relationships with parents, family conflict or chaos, frequent criticism, a dominating older sibling, or a stressful school environment.
Research has also identified a strong cultural link to shyness. In the United States, shyness surveys typically show that shyness is highest among Asian Americans and lowest among Jewish Americans. Using culturally sensitive adaptations of the Stanford Shyness Inventory, researchers in eight countries administered the inventory to groups of 18 to 21 year olds. Results showed that a large proportion of participants in all cultures reported experiencing shyness to a considerable degree--from 31 percent in Israel to 57 percent in Japan. in Mexico, Germany, India, and Canada, shyness levels were close to the U. S. figure of 40 percent. In all countries, shyness is perceived as more negative than positive, with 60 percent or more considering shyness to be a problem. There is no gender difference in reported shyness, but males tend to conceal their shyness because it is considered a feminine Wait in most countries. For example, in Mexico, males report shyness less often than females do.
When shyness is intense, it can often lead to social anxiety disorder or to avoidant personality disorder, both characterized by the avoidance of interpersonal contacts accompanied by significant fears of embarrassment in social interaction. According to the must recent statistics, provided by the National Co-morbidity Survey-carried out in 1994--approximately 40 percent of Americans consistently report since the early 1970s that they are shy to the extent of considering it a problem in their lives. Subsequent research showed that the percentage of problem-related shyness gradually increased during the 1990s to nearly 50 percent. The National Comorbidity Survey results were also indicative of a lifetime prevalence of social anxiety of 13.3 percent, making it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the United States. [br] Factors connected to shyness include the following EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、genes
B、culture
C、environment
D、gender
答案
D
解析
细节理解题。ABC分别对应文中第二、三、四段,根据There is no gender difference in reported shyness 得知D不属于影响害羞心理的因素,因此是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3789048.html
相关试题推荐
Shynessisapsychologicalstatethatcausesapersontofeeldiscomforti
Shynessisapsychologicalstatethatcausesapersontofeeldiscomforti
Thegunmen’sattackcaused[br][originaltext]Onepersonwaskilledandtwo
Thegunmen’sattackcaused[originaltext]Onepersonwaskilledandtwopeopl
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommitt
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommitt
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommitt
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommitt
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommitt
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommitt
随机试题
Thereaxecockroaches(蟑螂)everywhereonEarthexcepttheplacesthataxecove
Schoolslookingtobancellphonesmayhaveanewexcuse:agrowingnumbero
收费站收费系统的主要构成,按其基本功能可分为()。A.计算机系统 B.收
女,10岁。混合牙列。磨牙中性关系,上颌中度拥挤,下颌轻度拥挤,上牙弓狭窄,双侧
世界上天主教徒最多的国家是()。A.美国 B.英国 C.巴西 D.法国
患者,女,27岁,西医诊断为急性乳腺炎。症见乳房生疮,疮口溃后疼痛逐渐减轻,但脓
SaaS云服务在物业经营管理中的应用包括()。A:SaaS云服务让无形的物业经营
道氏理论认为,价格的波动尽管表现形式不同,但最终可以将它们分为三种趋势()。A:
经济全球化是指商品、服务、生产要素与信息跨国界流动的规模与形式不断增加,通过国际
A.虫蛀 B.霉变 C.酸败 D.沉淀 E.挥发糖浆剂在贮藏中易发生
最新回复
(
0
)