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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a

游客2024-10-04  28
问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture".
    Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
    The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. [br] Which of the following statements may be supported by the "nature" school?
选项 A、We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B、Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C、Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors.
D、Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
答案 A
解析 第3段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的governed by our in—stincts都表明“天性论”派会认同A的看法，故选A。第3段第2句表明B的has nothing to do with．．．不正确；原文并未提及C中提到的能力、特点和行为之间的关系；D只是将第3段末句的某些词语拼合在一起，原文并无讨论有关extreme behaviors的内容。
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