首页
登录
职称英语
(1) Socrates, the Greek philosopher of Athens, was the son of Sophroniscus, a
(1) Socrates, the Greek philosopher of Athens, was the son of Sophroniscus, a
游客
2024-09-07
31
管理
问题
(1) Socrates, the Greek philosopher of Athens, was the son of Sophroniscus, a sculptor. It is said that in early life he practiced his father’s art. In middle life he married Xanthippe, who is legendary as a shrew, although the stories have little basis in ascertainable fact. It is not certain who were Socrates’s teachers in philosophy, but he seems to have been acquainted with the doctrines of Parmenides, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, and the atomists. He was widely known for his intellectual powers even before he was 40, when, according to Plato’s report of Socrates’s speech in the Apology, the oracle at Delphi pronounced him the wisest man in Greece. In that speech Socrates maintained that he was puzzled by this acclaim until he discovered that, while others professed knowledge without realizing their ignorance, he at least was aware of his own ignorance.
(2) Socrates became convinced that his calling was to search for wisdom about right conduct by which he might guide the intellectual and moral improvement of the Athenians. Neglecting his own affairs, he spent his time discussing virtue, justice, and piety wherever his fellow citizens congregated. Some felt that he also neglected public duty, for he never sought public office, although he was famous for his courage in the military campaigns in which he served. In his self-appointed task as gadfly to the Athenians, Socrates made numerous enemies.
(3) Aristophanes burlesqued Socrates in his play "The Clouds" and attributed to him some of the faults of the Sophists (professional teachers of rhetoric). Although Socrates in fact baited the Sophists, his other critics seem to have held a view similar to that of Aristophanes. In 399 he was brought to trial for corrupting youth and for religious heresies. Obscure political issues surrounded the trial, but it seems that Socrates was tried also for being the friend and teacher of Alcibiades and Critias, both of whom had betrayed Athens. The trial and death of Socrates, who was given poison hemlock to drink, are described with great dramatic power in the "Apology", the "Crito", and the "Phaedo" of Plato.
(4) Socrates’s contributions to philosophy were a new method of approaching knowledge, a conception of the soul as the seat both of normal waking consciousness and of moral character, and a sense of the universe as purposively mind-ordered. His method, called Dialectic, consisted in examining statements by pursuing their implications, on the assumption that if a statement were true it could not lead to false consequences. The method may have been suggested by Zeno of Elea, but Socrates refined it and applied it to ethical problems.
(5) His doctrine of the soul led him to the belief that all virtues converge into one, which is the good, or knowledge of one’s true self and purposes through the course of a lifetime. Knowledge in turn depends on the nature or essence of things as they really are, for the underlying forms of things are more real than their experienced exemplifications. This conception leads to a teleological view of the world that all the forms participate in and lead to the highest form, the form of the good. Plato later elaborated this doctrine as central to his own philosophy. Socrates’s view is often described as holding virtue and knowledge to be identical, so that no man knowingly does wrong. Since virtue is identical with knowledge, it can be taught, but not as a professional specialty as the Sophists had pretended to teach it. However, Socrates himself gave no final answer to how virtue can be learned. [br] The contribution of Socrates on Dialectic is that he______.
选项
A、created a new way of dealing with knowledge
B、established it on certain assumptions
C、examined statements by their implications
D、improved it and solved ethical problems with it
答案
D
解析
本题考查苏格拉底对于辩证法的贡献。考点位于第四段最后一句,尤其是在表示转折含义的but后面:发展并运用到道德问题中。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3747161.html
相关试题推荐
(1)Socrates,theGreekphilosopherofAthens,wasthesonofSophroniscus,a
(1)Socrates,theGreekphilosopherofAthens,wasthesonofSophroniscus,a
(1)Socrates,theGreekphilosopherofAthens,wasthesonofSophroniscus,a
(1)Socrates,theGreekphilosopherofAthens,wasthesonofSophroniscus,a
随机试题
MountainEverest,thepeakwhereishardlyseen,isthehighestmountaininthe
Thescientist______mostofhisexperimentsifhehadnotrunshortofhisfund
Peoplecouldeatmorecocoa-richproductssuchasdarkchocolatebutnotdri
子宫肌瘤需行子宫切除的是A.绝经后妇女,子宫如妊娠6周大小 B.妊娠子宫肌瘤红
用自有资金或者从分散的公众手中筹集的资金专门进行有价证券投资活动的法人机构是(
下列说法不正确的是A.开窍药主要用于心悸怔忡 B.开窍药味辛,其气芳香,入
在ELISA定性检测时,当弱阳性室内质控为阴性时,应该如何处理当天的检测结果A.
SLE的标志性抗体是()。A.抗Sm抗体 B.抗双链DNA抗体 C.抗核抗
一般地说,劳动争议的解决机制包括()方式。A:自力救济 B:社保救济 C:社
悬索结构是比较理想的大跨度结构,其主要承重构件是( )。A.边缘构架 B.下
最新回复
(
0
)