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  3. The Tokyo District Court, in a ruling last week, ordered the bank to pay the

The Tokyo District Court, in a ruling last week, ordered the bank to pay the

游客2024-08-17  9
问题     The Tokyo District Court, in a ruling last week, ordered the bank to pay the women a total of almost $900,000 and declared that the 11 of the 12 plaintiffs must be promoted to management positions immediately. It was the first time a Japanese court has held against an employer liable for denying promotions because of gender and a landmark ruling in a country where women face discrimination in nearly every aspect of their lives.
    The working conditions faced by the women at the bank are similar to those faced by millions of others across Japan. More than 99% of the bank’s managers are men; overall in Japan, only 4% of managers are women, compared with more than 40% in the US.
    In their suit, filed more than nine years ago, the women argued that most of the bank’s 300 female employees were expected to serve tea to their male colleagues. College educated women with up to 40 years’ seniority were stuck in jobs counting coins or answering phones, while men were usually promoted to management within 15 years.
    The "glass, ceiling" for women in the workplace has long been decried in the US, but that ceiling is set several stories lower in Japan. Women who do succeed face more subtle pressure. They are routinely encouraged to quit their jobs when they have children. Those who choose to stay at work, or not to marry, are subjected to heavy pressure from bosses and coworkers to follow a more "normal" course.
    Nonetheless in recent years more women have postponed marriage, even rejected it altogether, and stayed in the workplace. And as they do, pressure is building from Japanese women who want the kind of opportunities available to their American and European counterparts. In 1990, a Japanese court for the first time ruled that unequal pay for women and men doing the same work was illegal. The new ruling against Japan’s systematic denial of management positions to women is expected to boost the chance of at least 10 similar suits that have been filed against other employers.
Directions: Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 10 words for each blank. [br] Glass ceiling in the passage means______.
选项
答案 the pressure women face at work, especially when they want to be promoted
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