首页
登录
职称英语
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img] If ideas can symb
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img] If ideas can symb
游客
2024-08-10
22
管理
问题
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acquisition". But what does this term mean? What exactly is "language acquisition"? For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals "pick up" a language through exposure to it. There are two immediately obvious sorts of language acquisition. The first is L1(first language)acquisition, which every normal child manages at an early age. The second is FL(foreign language)acquisition where someone, a child or an adult, picks up a language, for example, while they are living in a target language country.
Chomsky’s ideas stimulated the interest in L1(and, indirectly, FL)acquisition that there has been over the past few decades. For him, L1 acquisition is a conundrum, even a miracle. The big question is: how is it that the very young child, so poorly developed in many areas, is able to learn the rudiments of their native language so quickly and so successfully? Chomsky’s answer was that the individual has a machine in the head, an LAD(Language Acquisition Device), that does the job for them.
The words "quickly and successfully" hold the key to one of the main reasons why applied linguists are interested in the acquisition idea. In an important article that appeared in 1968, Newmark and Reibel make the point that L1 acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of. Since this is so, we might do well to study in some detail what is known about the L1 acquisition situation. What does the child do that makes acquisition so quick and successful? How do the adults who talk to the child behave? What assistance do they give to the acquisition process? What are the important aspects of the acquisition environment? Notice that though one of these questions is about the "organism" , the others are about the "environment" . This indicates that we are prepared to consider a role for the latter beyond that suggested by Chomsky.
The applied linguist Stephen Krashen is one of those largely responsible for interest in foreign language acquisition. In fact he argues that there are two quite distinct ways of mastering an FL, and he calls these acquisitions and learning. Acquisition first: he describes this process as a " natural" , subconscious one, where there is no "conscious focusing on linguistic forms"(of the sort that you find in most classrooms). It is what we have already informally called the process of " picking up " a language, just as you do if you go and live in the target language environment. Indeed Krashen says that the minimal condition for acquisition to occur is " participation in natural communication situations".
Learning, on the other hand, is a conscious process, and it usually takes place in the language classroom. For Krashen it is particularly marked by two characteristics. Firstly, there is error correction. When learners make mistakes, it is normal for the classroom teacher to draw explicit attention to them, and to correct the errors. The second characteristic is what Krashen calls rule isolation. In the language teaching classroom it is normal for a lesson(or part thereof)to focus on one language point. It may be a grammatical item like a particular tense, or a pronunciation point, or some "rule of use". The word isolation indicates that in this procedure language points are dealt with one by one.
Questions 66 to 70
Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage. [br] What is the main distinction between language acquisition and language learning?
选项
答案
The process of the former is natural and subconscious while the process of the latter is conscious.
解析
(第四段第三句Acquisition first:he describes this process as a“natural”,subconscious one,where there is no “conscious focusing on linguistic forms”(of the sort that you find in most classrooms).指出了语言习得的特点。最后一段第一句Learning,on the other hand,is a conscious process,and it usually takes place in the language classroom.指出了语言学习的特点。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3713635.html
相关试题推荐
PavarottiDiesAged71[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjsbz2008_eyyjsbreadc_
PavarottiDiesAged71[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjsbz2008_eyyjsbreadc_
PavarottiDiesAged71[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjsbz2008_eyyjsbreadc_
PavarottiDiesAged71[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjsbz2008_eyyjsbreadc_
Whichtwosquaresaremissing?[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbiq_0148_20180
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img]Ifideascansymb
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img]Ifideascansymb
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201712[/img]Ifideascansymbo
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201712[/img]Ifideascansymbo
[img]2016m3x/ct_eyyjsbz2013j_eyyjsbreadc_0112_20163[/img]BeckyHoward,23,
随机试题
Eachyear,millionsofpeopleinBangladeshdrinkgroundwaterthathasbeen
[originaltext]W:Bob,lookatallthebeautifulclothesdisplayedinthewindow
关于能源互联网建设,以下正确的是()。A.能源网架方面,能源互联网技术全面
以下各体液中,属于机体内环境的是A、胆汁 B、胰液 C、尿液 D、脑脊液
一氧化碳中毒的特征性表现是A、头痛,头晕 B、血液COHb测定阳性 C、昏迷
合成洗涤剂、杀虫剂、病原微生物等污染属于( )。A.工业污染源 B.
(2017年真题)下列关于家庭衰老期的表述,正确的有()。A.养老护理和资
下列关于政府会计中的净资产表述正确的有()。A.净资产是指政府会计主体资产扣除
处置采用成本模式计量的投资性房地产时,与处置固定资产和无形资产的核算方法相同,其
(2021年第2批真题)关于工程质量检测的说法,正确的是()。A.检测机构应
最新回复
(
0
)