首页
登录
职称英语
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201712[/img] If ideas can symbo
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201712[/img] If ideas can symbo
游客
2024-08-10
11
管理
问题
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acquisition". But what does this term mean? What exactly is "language acquisition"? For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals "pick up" a language through exposure to it. There are two immediately obvious sorts of language acquisition. The first is L1(first language)acquisition, which every normal child manages at an early age. The second is FL(foreign language)acquisition where someone, a child or an adult, picks up a language, for example, while they are living in a target language country.
Chomsky’s ideas stimulated the interest in L1(and, indirectly, FL)acquisition that there has been over the past few decades. For him, L1 acquisition is a conundrum, even a miracle. The big question is: how is it that the very young child, so poorly developed in many areas, is able to learn the rudiments of their native language so quickly and so successfully? Chomsky’s answer was that the individual has a machine in the head, an LAD(Language Acquisition Device), that does the job for them.
The words "quickly and successfully" hold the key to one of the main reasons why applied linguists are interested in the acquisition idea. In an important article that appeared in 1968, Newmark and Reibel make the point that L1 acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of. Since this is so, we might do well to study in some detail what is known about the L1 acquisition situation. What does the child do that makes acquisition so quick and successful? How do the adults who talk to the child behave? What assistance do they give to the acquisition process? What are the important aspects of the acquisition environment? Notice that though one of these questions is about the "organism" , the others are about the "environment" . This indicates that we are prepared to consider a role for the latter beyond that suggested by Chomsky.
The applied linguist Stephen Krashen is one of those largely responsible for interest in foreign language acquisition. In fact he argues that there are two quite distinct ways of mastering an FL, and he calls these acquisitions and learning. Acquisition first: he describes this process as a " natural" , subconscious one, where there is no "conscious focusing on linguistic forms"(of the sort that you find in most classrooms). It is what we have already informally called the process of " picking up " a language, just as you do if you go and live in the target language environment. Indeed Krashen says that the minimal condition for acquisition to occur is " participation in natural communication situations".
Learning, on the other hand, is a conscious process, and it usually takes place in the language classroom. For Krashen it is particularly marked by two characteristics. Firstly, there is error correction. When learners make mistakes, it is normal for the classroom teacher to draw explicit attention to them, and to correct the errors. The second characteristic is what Krashen calls rule isolation. In the language teaching classroom it is normal for a lesson(or part thereof)to focus on one language point. It may be a grammatical item like a particular tense, or a pronunciation point, or some "rule of use". The word isolation indicates that in this procedure language points are dealt with one by one.
Questions 66 to 70
Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage. [br] What do Newmark and Reibel say about L1 acquisition?
选项
答案
It is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of.
解析
(根据第三段第二句Newmark and Reibel make the point that L1 acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of.可知,纽马克和瑞贝尔认为第一语言习得是目前所知最快、最成功的语言习得范例。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3713629.html
相关试题推荐
Identifythefollowingshapesandmarktheoddoneout.[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscz2
Whatnumbershouldreplacethequestionmark?[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjsciq_0
TheMillenniumSeedBankProject[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjs
TheMillenniumSeedBankProject[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjs
TheMillenniumSeedBankProject[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjs
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjscd_0021_201801[/img]’Diamonds’,sangMarilyn
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjscd_0021_201801[/img]’Diamonds’,sangMarilyn
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjscd_0021_201801[/img]’Diamonds’,sangMarilyn
Whichcodematchesthepatterngivenattheendoftheline?[img]2018m1x/ct_eyy
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjscz2017j_eyyjscreadd_0120_201712[/img]Whilebaseballis
随机试题
关于配变电所设计要求中,下列哪一项是错误的?( )A.低压配电装置室的耐火等级
将新鲜的牛奶加入适量得蔗糖煮沸后,倒入消毒后的大口玻璃瓶内,再将适量的酸奶倒入其
下列各项资产减值中,不在《企业会计准则第8号-资产减值》中规范的是()。
关于高处作业下列表述不当的是( )。 A、高度在30m以上时,称为特级高处作
2020年我国农产品贸易额2468.3亿美元,同比增8.0%。其中,出口额同比减
根据衍生交易部分标的资产的不同,结构性理财产品可以分为( )。A.与股票挂钩的
患者全身多处虹膜样皮损,伴发热头痛等全身症状,口腔黏膜可见充血性红斑,继而形成水
下列做法中能降低盈亏平衡产量的方案是()。 A.增加销售量B.提高单位产品
甲状腺功能亢进症核素131I治疗前的准备是 A.替萘洛尔(心得安) B.复
tRNA反密码子第1位碱基可与mRNA A连续性B特异性C通用性D摆动性
最新回复
(
0
)