首页
登录
职称英语
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
游客
2024-08-08
13
管理
问题
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept "sense of trust" is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child’s satisfying experiences at this early age.
Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.
Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that "Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc." Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.
Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected. It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered.
In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment’s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.
We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers’ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children’s needs and by their overall attitude. [br] A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that ______.
选项
A、the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climax
B、the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environment
C、the child’s sense of trust is destroyed
D、no sense of trust has ever developed
答案
D
解析
原文第四段与母亲关系良好但又被分开的6~12个月的婴儿对分离的极度反应是因为they had a faith that now has been shattered,即以前建立的信任被粉碎了,反之可推断那些与母亲关系6~12个月的婴儿不受与母亲分离的影响是因为没有建立信任感。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3710823.html
相关试题推荐
—So,whatexactlydoyoudo?—I’mresponsiblefornewproductdevelopment.Irep
Whyisitsaidthattheeconomyishealthywith20millionunemployed?[br][or
Whyisitsaidthattheeconomyishealthywith20millionunemployed?[br][or
Whyisitsaidthattheeconomyishealthywith20millionunemployed?[br][or
Whyisitsaidthattheeconomyishealthywith20millionunemployed?[br][or
Whyisitsaidthattheeconomyishealthywith20millionunemployed?[original
AncientChinadevelopedauniquecivilization,whichwasmysteriousanddifficul
WhatistheadvantageofthenewtechnologybeingdevelopedbyNurEnergyCompan
Inadultssimilarsymptomsofscurvydevelopinpeople______whohavebeendepr
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
随机试题
[originaltext]W:It’salovelydaytoday!Whatwouldyouliketodo?M:Ireall
A.1/2 B.1/4 C.1/8 D.1/16
呼吸深慢见于A.情绪激动 B.气胸 C.重症肺炎 D.大量胸腔积液 E.
根据省国土局的安排,某市××年××月开始对本地区开展土地调查工作。主要工作内容包
不同作者分析社会工作理论的角度不同,对社会工作理论的分类也不同。大卫豪将社会工作
下列说法中,正确的是( )。A.大赦既赦其刑,又赦其罪B.特赦只赦其刑
第四次咨询:…………心理咨询师:我们上一次制定了咨询目标和方案,我要运用合理情绪
以宽冠窄根为特点的牙是A.上颌乳中切牙与侧切牙 B.上颌乳侧切牙与乳尖牙 C
钢—混凝土结合梁混凝土桥面浇筑所采用的混凝土宜具有()性能。A、缓凝 B
下列哪种药物与呋塞米合用可增强其耳毒性A.四环素 B.红霉素 C.链霉素
最新回复
(
0
)