首页
登录
职称英语
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A
游客
2024-05-29
4
管理
问题
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A gorilla (大猩猩) that wants to continue a game will also try to do this, and will even deliberately lose if necessary. This hints that gorillas may have "theory of mind"--the capacity to attribute mental states to others.
Richard Byrne and Joanne Tanner of St. Andrews University in the UK videoed gorillas at San Francisco Zoo. As well as engaging with a toy and another gorilla, the animals seemed aware of how their playmate was interacting with the toy. "The gorillas could encourage their playmates when they were losing interest by losing the game, if necessarily," says Byrne.
This is the first time animals have been observed following a playmate’s interaction with a third object a skill picked up by humans at 9 months old. If you thought your pet dog does this, you’re wrong. With dogs, cats, lions and bears the animal wants to win the game, rather than keep it going. Byrne says," This is different to throwing a stick for your pet dog."
Because the gorillas seem to be taking account of the thoughts of others. They are showing some theory of mind competence, says Byrne, although they do not pass a theory-of-mind test called the false belief test, which looks at the ability to infer another’s perspective.
In the false belief test, two individuals are shown playing with a toy, before placing it in a box. After one of them leaves the room, the other person moves the toy and places it in a bag. When the first person re-turns to the room, where will they look for the toy? Those with theory of mind--the ability to infer another’s perspective will know that the first person will look in the box. Children younger than 4 or 5 have yet to develop theory of mind and think the person will look in the bag in the false belief test. Similar false belief tests that don’t require language can be set up for animals.
Felix Warneken at Harvard University agrees the study provides "promising evidence" for collaborative behaviour in gorillas. However, Josep Call, at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, says he has seen this behaviour in chimpanzees before.
Iona Stewart at ZSL London Zoo, who has been looking after captive gorillas for 13 years, says there is "no question" that gorillas have theory of mind. "Anyone who spends time with gorillas will have known this for years," she says. "Not a day goes by when you don’t see some examples of this sort of behaviour." The typical gorilla’s sense of humour, Stewart says, is schadenfreud. One gorilla she knew would poke a stick at strangers then look the other way and laugh. "If they could whistle, they’d be whistling, but they’re not quite clever enough to get away with it." [br] According to Byrne, in the false belief test, ______.
选项
A、children are showing the same theory of mind competence as gorillas
B、gorillas will know that the first gorilla will look in the box
C、animals hardly have the theory-of-the-mind competence
D、children younger than 4 or 5 years old fail the false belief test
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3610247.html
相关试题推荐
Urgingboredfriendstokeepplayingwithyouisnotlimitedtohumans.A
Urgingboredfriendstokeepplayingwithyouisnotlimitedtohumans.A
Growingup,Iearnedmybestmarksforplayingwellwithothers.Formyhu
Growingup,Iearnedmybestmarksforplayingwellwithothers.Formyhu
[originaltext]TodayisarathersaddayforoneoftheLondon’soldfriends
Inthepoem,hedepictedthehappy________ofgirlsplayingonaswinginearly
Hecarriesoutalotof______onhisfriendswholenthimmoney.A、alienB、clien
Idon’tlikeplayingpiano,forIfelt______todowhatIwasunwillingtodo
Itisacommon______:Shouldyoustaywhereyouhavefriendsandfamily,orta
Hisstrangebehaviorgreatly________meandmyfriendsaswellthatevening.A、p
随机试题
ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncil(
可在冬期进行路基施工的工程项目是()。A.一级公路的土路基开挖 B.挖掘填方
如何教育临终病人家属正确面对哀伤?
某企业2013年末流动比率为2,年末流动负债为8000元,年末流动资产占总资产的
似蚓蛔线虫的感染阶段为()。A.蛔虫受精卵 B.蛔虫未受精卵 C.感染期蛔
下列年份中,国家电网公司并网机组总上网电量同比增速最快的是()。A.20
女.24岁,月经增多伴发热1周。Hb60g/L,WBC3×10/L,N0.25,
并购的效应包括()。A.实现协同效应 B.实现战略重组,开展多元化经营
如果企业的资金来源全部为自有资金,且没有优先股存在,则企业财务杠杆系数()。A
流行病学研究范围哪项不对A.传染病 B.健康 C.精神性疾病 D.肿瘤
最新回复
(
0
)