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In a country with a shrinking population, the latest trend in Germany’s high

游客2024-05-21  11
问题     In a country with a shrinking population, the latest trend in Germany’s higher education is something of a mystery: the number of universities and academic programs is rising. The growth is the sharpest for professional graduate schools, where the number has soared from practically zero in 2003 to 130 now, in fields ranging from law and business to clinical counseling and education. But there is one obvious problem: not enough students are signing up. The German government says that nearly half of professionally oriented programs, aside from law schools, have yet to fill their stated student capacity. And the problem has been especially acute in graduate programs in education.
    Interest in many professional schools has been less than overwhelming, said Markus Zimmermann, an executive senior consultant at the Germany Research Institute in Berlin, which is affiliated with Berliner Banking Corp. "German universities tend to roll out programs without having a good grasp of the needs in the marketplace," said Mr. Zimmermann, who watches Germany’s higher education. "When they start a program, they assume there will be students."
    In German, the need for graduate programs seems undeniable: lifetime employment is crumbling, employers are committing less time and money to training young workers, and social problems are becoming more complex, increasing the need for experts. Setting up graduate programs in education was the universities’ answer to a growing dissatisfaction with the primary and secondary school system.
    In 2008, with the accreditation (批准) of the Ministry of Education, 19 universities launched professionally oriented graduate programs in teacher education, seeking approximately 700 students in total. Seven more schools introduced similar programs a year later. During the first year, 8 of the 19 original institutions fell short of the target enrollment—some by far: two schools managed to recruit only half of the target numbers of students. A ministry assessment completed shortly afterward said the schools lacked proper marketing methods and had failed to clearly state the practical benefits of receiving graduate diplomas.
    Some schools are taking their own measures to increase enrollment. They have gone around visiting undergraduate departments giving explanatory sessions and did what they could to let people know about their programs. The graduate school has also been placing an emphasis on practical training, for example, sending students to teach at local primary and secondary schools. Students teach lessons at local schools, videotape the classes and then bring the tapes back for evaluation with other students. Then they feed the solutions back to the classes. A number of graduate students have had years of teaching experience before coming to the graduate programs, and generally held positive views about the in-class training. [br] What led to the establishment of graduate programs in education in German universities?
选项 A、The crumbling of lifetime employment.
B、The less commitment to employee training.
C、The even more complex social problems.
D、The discontent with primary and secondary education.
答案 D
解析 细节辨认题。第三段提到，德国无疑是需要研究生项目的，社会对中小学教育制度的日渐不满也使得德国大学开设师范类的研究生项目，因此答案为D)。
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