2. 职称英语
  3. It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

游客2024-05-21  15
问题     It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids (混合物) of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. [br] With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to ______.
选项 A、cover the cost of its publication
B、subscribe to the journal publishing it
C、allow other online journals to use it freely
D、complete the peer-review before submission
答案 A
解析 根据题干中的open-access publishing将答案定位到末段第五句。该句提到，在线学术刊物的第二种业务模式(open—access publishing)还得研究者自己掏腰包，A)cover the cost of its publication是对该句提到的pay for the paper to be published的同义转述，故答案为A)。根据首段末句可知，需要订阅刊物的是要查询研究结果的研究人员，而非研究结果论文的作者，且不是在open-access publishing这一模式下，而是在传统模式下，故排除B)。文中提到delayed open-access模式下，在论文面向大众免费开放之前的前六个月只允许订阅者阅读，C)“允许其他在线刊物免费使用”缺少前提条件，故排除。文中提到这一模式会change传统的peer-review process，而非complete the peer-review，故排除D)。
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