首页
登录
职称英语
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind tha
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind tha
游客
2024-05-13
32
管理
问题
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways the extent of our achievements. Since the Intelligence Quotient was relatively unaffected by bad teaching or a dull home environment, it remained constant. Its value, therefore, was a predictor of children’s future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently—and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within schools was obvious.
Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, re search has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. Perhaps most important, there is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of the environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and in intelligence tests—a fact which could be explained on genetic grounds—but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. Evidence like this lends support to the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will obviously restrict development, no matter how stimulating the environment. But we cannot observe or measure innate intelligence; whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Changes may occur in our observations or measurements, if the environment is changed. In other words, the Intelligence Quotient is not constant.
Researches over the past decade have been investigating what happens in this interaction. Work in this country has shown that parental interest and encouragement are more important than the material circumstances of the home.
Two major findings have emerged from these studies. Firstly, that the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. In other words, deprivation in the first four or five years of life can have greater consequences than any of the following twelve or so years.
Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter’s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptional experiences.
These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now sec it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, the fundamental one is learning how to learn. [br] Intelligence is now believed to be ______.
选项
A、a set of developed skills
B、incapable of any kind of measurement
C、closely related to a child’s actual learning experiences
D、Both A and C
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3596295.html
相关试题推荐
Intelligenceusedtobeseenasafixedentity,somefacultyofthemindtha
ArtificialIntelligenceI’msurethatHa
ArtificialIntelligenceI’msurethatHa
ArtificialIntelligenceI’msurethatHa
ArtificialIntelligenceI’msurethatHa
ArtificialIntelligenceI’msurethatHa
ArtificialIntelligenceI’msurethatHa
Theintelligencetestisanattempt_____________(估量任何一个儿童的思维和推理能力).toassess
[originaltext]Ifyouarelikemostpeople,yourintelligencevariesfromse
[originaltext]Ifyouarelikemostpeople,yourintelligencevariesfromse
随机试题
Fruitisrich______vitamins.A、withB、inC、atD、ofBberichin是固定搭配,“富含…”。句意为:水果富
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,tre
某居住区内的绿地具备下列四项条件:(1)一侧紧邻居住区道路并设有主要出入口(2)
天津某商场的排风系统拟采用显热热回收装置,设计选用时,下列哪几项额定热回收效率是
阅读说明和流程图,填补流程图中的空缺(1)?(5),将答案填入答题纸对应栏内。【
关于声束聚焦与分辨力的叙述,下列正确的是A.聚焦声束后其形状和大小比较规则 B
GB/T22080-2016《信息技术安全技术信息安全管理体系要求》标准规定
(2021年上半年真题)在许多人起哄的时候,平时文静的学生也往往会参与其中。这种
关于国有土地,下列哪些说法是正确的?()(2010年)A.国有土地可以是建设用
某公司向银行借入12000元,借款期为3年,每年的还本付息额为4600元,已知(
最新回复
(
0
)