[originaltext] Many countries of the world have been faced with the problem

Many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is an evidence suggesting that while variety certainly makes the workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder.
    Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that it is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about.
    The workers themselves certainly think more money lead to greater productivity. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
16. What does the author think of making jobs more varied?
17. According to the passage, what is the problem of giving the workers freedom?
18. What can we learn about the workers’ contribution from the passage?
19. What would workers do if making their jobs more interesting?