首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2024-04-13
22
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _____.
选项
A、try to control unpleasant stimuli
B、turn off the electricity
C、behave passively in controllable situations
D、become abnormally suspicious
答案
C
解析
根据文章第2段第3句:Jay Weiss的实验表明一旦动物遇到过它们控制不了的事情和局面,以后即使是面临它们能够控制的事情,它们的表现还是会很被动,C正确。A和B与文章所表达的意思不符;D在文中并没有提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3553581.html
相关试题推荐
Theselfishnessofhumansisacentralassumptionoforthodox(传统的)economics,
Theselfishnessofhumansisacentralassumptionoforthodox(传统的)economics,
Theselfishnessofhumansisacentralassumptionoforthodox(传统的)economics,
Theselfishnessofhumansisacentralassumptionoforthodox(传统的)economics,
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
随机试题
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledWor
Theconcertowasperformedbyaviolinistofunquestioned______butlimitedima
对未放置检验合格标志上路行驶的车辆,交通警察可依法予以扣留。()
Ⅳ型RTAA.远端小管泌H+障碍 B.近端小管泌H+障碍 C.近端小管回收H
张某在甲施工单位公司连续工作满8年,李某与乙监理公司已经连续订立两次固定期限劳动
A.应当注明药品名称、不良反应、禁忌、注意事项、生产日期、产品批号、有效期、执行
18、SF6断路器(开关)进行操作时,禁止检修人员在其()上进行工作。 A
对脂酰辅酶A进入线粒体的速度起关键作用的因素是A.线粒体内膜上肉碱的存在 B.
标线施工时,喷涂施工应在白天进行,雨天、风天、温度低于()℃时应暂时停止施工。A
(2018年真题)关于法的效力的说法,正确的是()。A.宪法和法律具有最高的法律
最新回复
(
0
)