首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2024-04-07
11
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【C1】______ performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on【C2】______ and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters,【C3】______ among educators. But the careful use of small【C4】______ rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed【C5】______ inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【C6】______ task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to【C7】______ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for【C8】______ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and【C9】______ failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows【C10】______ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
A) mental I) approval
B) promise J) monetary
C) kill K) generally
D) avoid L) improve
E) hope M) challenging
F) especially N) restore
G) aid O) excellent H) ordinary [br] 【C6】
选项
答案
M
解析
根据空前的a relatively和空后的task,可知本空应为形容词。从原文来看,如果孩子们知道他们在为获得奖励而努力,并能专注于相对……的任务,他们就会表现出最大的创造力,因此只有challenging符合题意。故答案为M)challenging(有难度的,有挑战性的)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3544758.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Psychologistshavemanytheoriestoexplainhowwerememberi
[originaltext]PoliceintheAmericancityofSeattlehavepraisedthebrave
[originaltext]PoliceintheAmericancityofSeattlehavepraisedthebrave
[originaltext]PoliceintheAmericancityofSeattlehavepraisedthebrave
[originaltext]Psychologistshavemanytheoriestoexplainhowwerememberi
[originaltext]Psychologistshavemanytheoriestoexplainhowwerememberi
[originaltext]Psychologistshavemanytheoriestoexplainhowwerememberi
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
随机试题
AnintegralpartofthestoryofAmerica,thecowboyisanationalsymbol.
Justbecausetheycan’tsingoperaorrideabicycledoesn’tmeanthatanimal
水泥混凝土拌合物表观密度其实质为水泥混凝土拌合物的毛体积密度。
全酸蚀体系是指A.能酸蚀牙骨质的制剂 B.能酸蚀釉质的制剂 C.既酸蚀釉质又
小学生常常“好心办坏事”,其原因主要是( )A.道德情感不深 B.道德意志不
WAIS—RC施测的基本步骤为( )。多选A.一般先做言语测验 B.一般
(2016年真题)职能制组织形式的缺点不包括()A.狭隘的职能观念 B.
为了合并母子公司的财务报表.将用外币记账的外国子公司的财务报表转变为用母公司所在
下列物品中,属于包装用辅助材料的是()。A.纸板品 B.木制容器 C.黏合
甲公司将一批新设备交由乙公司试用,试用期满后,乙公司未对是否购买这批设备作出表示
最新回复
(
0
)