首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2024-04-06
59
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behaviour, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were moulded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors. [br] Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
选项
A、They are natural endowments to living creatures.
B、They are more important than instincts to all animals.
C、They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
D、They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据关键词habits可定位到第二段第四句Habits,instead of being born ready-made were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment,即习惯并不是天生的,更多受环境影响。因此,正确答案是C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3543043.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]TheEducationSelectCommitteehasbeenexaminingtheunderach
[originaltext]TheEducationSelectCommitteehasbeenexaminingtheunderach
Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualto
Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualto
Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualto
Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualto
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthe
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthe
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthe
[originaltext]W:Hello,ProfessorWhite,welcometoEducationTodayonSaturday
随机试题
OnasummereveningIwascaughtinthecrossfireofduelingwoodthrushes,
作为短期项目,中国已经开始中等距离地将黄河水引到大城市里去。但是中国政府还有更大的计划,作为一个长期战略性项目,它将发起一个庞大工程,南水北调工程。这个
Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?[br][originaltext]W:Hi,Robert.What
Thecommitteemeetings,______alwaysdominatedbythesamepeople,______slow-m
Fromthefirstsentencewelearnthatresearchers______.[br]Itisclearfrom
WhichofthefollowingmaybebannedbyeBayoverseers?[br]Whenyouclickona
下列哪个性质不属于质子泵抑制剂的特性()A:持久性 B:选择性 C:专一性
哮病的原因是()A.肺肾亏虚,气失摄纳 B.寒邪、热邪袭肺 C.痰饮内
()特指公司赠予经理人员的一种权利,持有这种权利的经理人可以在规定时间内以行权价
股票的基本特征有()。A.收益性 B.风险性 C.永久性 D.流动
最新回复
(
0
)