2. 职称英语
  3. National parties in the United’ States have generally been weak in structure and

National parties in the United’ States have generally been weak in structure and

游客2024-03-02  16
问题 National parties in the United’ States have generally been weak in structure and wary of ideology. Many writers have said that American parties are the least centralized in the world. However, the argument that parties have not represented significant differences in policy can be pushed too far. For example, in the last century, at least the Republicans have been more committed than the Democrats to a marketoriented economy, while the Democrats have been more prepared to use government to address economic problems. Within both parties there had been wide variance on issues, but in general the Republican has been the more conservative and the Democrats the more liberal.
    Both parties, however, have resisted reducing these tendencies in their social, economic, and moral belief systems to a rigid ideology. And neither, until recently, gave much authority in its national party structure.
    At state and local levels, on the other hand, party organizations often achieved impressive levels of solidarity and internal discipline. Both Democrats and Republicans maintained powerful local political organizations in many cities and states.
    Whatever their merits or demerits, the traditional organizations went into steep decline during the 1950s and 1960s. The old organizations lost the ability to maintain discipline. The share of voters regarding themselves as. political independence, that is, people not affiliated with either of the major parties, rose.
    There were several reasons for the loss of effectiveness of the major party organizations. Development of a welfare state administered by the federal government established some of the services that had formerly been distributed by the organizations as political favors. As recent immigrants became more educated they were less dependent on party workers. The inclusion of more state employees under civil service protection dried up some of the old wells of patronage. Growing unionization of public employees after 1960 struck an even more serious blow at the patronage system. Television brought candidates into voters’ living rooms, thereby antiquating some of the communication and education functions of party workers. Most of all, perhaps, the old tribal differences associated with the parties began to seem irrelevant to members of generations that sought fresh identities. [br] According to the passage, what is true of the major political parties in the United States?
选项 A、They are both generally conservative.
B、Party organizations have been stronger at the state level than at the national level.
C、Party organizations have increased their influence in 1950s.
D、Democrats have been stronger than Republicans at the national level.
答案 B
解析 推理题。见文章的第三段内容“At state and local levels，on the other hand，party organizations often achieved impressive levels of solidarity and internal discipline…”从这句话可以知道，两个党派组织在州和地方层面上是高度团结和纪律严明的。并且，由第一段最后一句话得出结论 A项是错误的，C项内容可由第四段第一句话内容排除是错误的，第二段最后一句说明D项错误，因此，B项内容是正确的。
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