首页
登录
职称英语
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of
游客
2024-02-21
10
管理
问题
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cunningly (聪明地) picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial cues given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the "Clever Hans" effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California, Davis, and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.
Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area might contain up to three target scents (气味), and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any "detections" made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals — who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying "wolf at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously "profiled" people being sniffed (嗅) by a drug- or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound (大量存在). That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty. [br] According to Dr. Lit, the most significant about the experiment was______.
选项
A、the way the dogs raised alerts
B、the location of the false alerts
C、the average time of the searches
D、the number of the false alerts
答案
B
解析
根据题干中的Dr.Lit和most significant将本题出处定位到第3段末句。该句提到,虽然错误警报的次数让Lit博士觉得有趣,但最让他感兴趣的是错误警报发出的地点。由此可知,对Lit博士来说,这个实验最有意义的地方是错误警报发生的地点,故答案为[B]。文中提到the teamsraised 225 alerts,但并未提及警犬发出警报的方式,且不是Lit博士的关注点,故排除[A]。[C]在文中未提及,故排除。文中提到Lit博士对警报的次数感兴趣,但这不是他最感兴趣的地方,也就不是该实验最有意义的地方,故排除[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3470682.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]ItwasinthesixteenthcenturythatGeronimoCardano,aphys
[originaltext]ItwasinthesixteenthcenturythatGeronimoCardano,aphys
Itwasnotuntiltheearly20thcentury____________(美国的妇女才被给予选举权)thatAmerican
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:t
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:t
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:t
Itisgenerallybelievedthatthecountriesoftheworld(相同之处多于不同之处)___________
Foracenturyandahalfthepianohasbeenoneofthemostpopularsoloins
Foracenturyandahalfthepianohasbeenoneofthemostpopularsoloins
Foracenturyandahalfthepianohasbeenoneofthemostpopularsoloins
随机试题
[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessive
交感神经兴奋时,可引起()A.瞳孔缩小 B.膀胱逼尿肌收缩 C.有孕子宫
计算低温热水地板辐射采暖的热负荷时,将室内温度取值降低2℃,是因为()。A.
某机构在3月5日看中A、B、C三只股票,股价分别为20元、25元、50元,计划每
A.苍附导痰丸 B.少腹逐瘀汤 C.桃红四物汤 D.血府逐瘀汤 E.启宫
共用题干 第三篇Americansstillhavebeengaini
有人说,工作成绩是做出来的,不是喊出来的。但是,在信息化时代,我们却不能做封闭的
同时开发几种产品,分别定位于不同的细分市场的营销方式是()。A、无差异性营销
在体内发生氧化、还原、水解等反应使得药物极性增大,该代谢类型属于A.弱代谢作用
(2019年真题)张明应聘为某外贸公司的人力资源主管,上任之初,他想好好干一番,
最新回复
(
0
)