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  3. Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Califor

Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Califor

游客2024-01-13  51
问题     Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei(first-generation immigrants)were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the "boss" system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed; and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A re- lated institution was the "labor club," which provided job information and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership.
    When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’ s strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei thus moved quickly from wage-labor employment to sharecropping agreements. A limited amount of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporation. As the Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain a-gricultural independence were hampered by government restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children’s names.  Nakane’ s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information about the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation de- rives from Nakane’ s methodology that of oral history which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Future research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities? [br] The passage suggests that which of the following was an indirect consequence of the collapse of the sugar beet industry in the Pajaro Valley?
选项 A、The Issei formed a permanent, family-based community.
B、Boardinghouses were built to accommodate the Issei.
C、The Issei began to lease land in their children’s names.
D、The Issei adopted a labor contract system similar to that used by Chinese immigrants.
E、The Issei suffered a massive dislocation caused by unemployment.
答案 A
解析 从原文推断，以下哪一个是P山谷中甜菜工业衰落的间接后果?原文L27这种衰落发生在1902年，间接后果应是在这之后发生的事。∴A正确。第一代移民组成了永久性的、以家庭为基础的社会。这是文中第二段叙述，显然在1902年以后。B、D两选项所说事物全在原文第一段，时间不符。C．用孩子们的名义买地。这确是1902年以后的事，可这和甜菜工业衰落毫无关系，是美国政府的政策造成的。E．“suffered a massive dislocation”原文无。
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