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  3. Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal

Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal

游客2024-01-13  58
问题     Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission(ITC)has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies "dumped" their products in the United States at "less than fair value." Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.
    Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company.
    Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its com- petitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’ s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.
    Perhaps the most brazen case oc- curred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the com- plaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The "United States" company claiming in- jury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the "Canadian" companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?
选项 A、A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.
B、A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.
C、A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.
D、The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.
E、The company requesting import relief has been barred from exporting products to the country of its foreign competitor.
答案 D
解析 哪一个是ITC所接投诉中依据最少的?第一段举出了三种投诉类型，最没道理的显然是最后一种。∴D正确。要求进口限制的公司其销售情况被进口货伤害了。A．外国竞争者得到外国政府资助。这是三种投诉中第一种L4—9。B．“increased the volume of products”原文无。C．以低于市场价销售，这是第二种投诉：“倾销”。E．“barred”在原文未提。
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