首页
登录
职称英语
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological a
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological a
游客
2024-01-13
44
管理
问题
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority busi- ness enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of "primary" institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger "secondary" institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer,and neighborhood or community subgroups. A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for in- vestment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entre- preneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.
Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent im- migrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups, like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions. [br] Based on the information in the passage, it would be LEAST likely for which of the following persons to be part of a self-help network?
选项
A、The entrepreneur’s childhood friend.
B、The entrepreneur’s aunt.
C、The entrepreneur’s religious leader.
D、The entrepreneur’s neighbor.
E、The entrepreneur’s banker.
答案
E
解析
哪一个最不可能出现在互助网中?A.同年伙伴B.姑妈D.邻居。A、B、D三项属于L28—29所列举的几项。C.易混。宗教领导。见L19—20,此互助网对塑造人们的行为及信仰起作用,宗教领导就是起此种作用。而且最后一段提到黑人的一些组织L68—78即为宗教组织演变而来。E.银行家。正确。原文明确指出企业主不愿依靠这些人。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3357539.html
相关试题推荐
Becausethecompanywasdoingmorebusiness,itwasnecessaryto________thefa
Traditionally,universitieshavecarriedouttwomainactivities:researcha
Traditionally,universitieshavecarriedouttwomainactivities;researcha
Traditionally,universitieshavecarriedouttwomainactivities;researcha
Traditionally,universitieshavecarriedouttwomainactivities;researcha
Traditionally,universitieshavecarriedouttwomainactivities;researcha
Becausethecompanywasdoingmorebusiness,itwasnecessaryto______thefacto
Asanyworkingmumcantellyou,runningabusinessandafamilyatthesame
Asanyworkingmumcantellyou,runningabusinessandafamilyatthesame
Textbookpricesaretraditionallyhigh."Combinedwiththerisingcostoft
随机试题
与2001年相比,2007年工业地价增长率提高了:() A.8倍 B.3
()既是居住小区的主要技术经济指标,也是民用建筑的主要技术经济指标。A.建筑
水泵气穴和气蚀的危害主要是:产生噪声和振动,引起( ),材料的破坏,缩短水泵使
急进性肾小球炎I型患者血浓度常升高的抗体是:A.抗肾小球基底膜抗体 B.抗核抗
某单位初次申请测绘资质,按照《测绘资质管理规定》,下列专业范围中,可以受理甲级测
某宗房地产的收益期限为8年,未来第一年的有效毛收入为80万元,运营费用为45万元
(2015年5月)提高绩效面谈质量必须采取有效的信息反馈方式,并且使其具有针对性
人民代表大会制度是 A.中国人民当家作主的重要途径 B.中国人民当家作主的最
符合白细胞吞噬作用的描述是A.IgG和C3b增强白细胞吞噬活性 B.活性氧代
(2016年真题)某女,42岁。经血淋漓不断月余,气短懒言,倦怠乏力,面色苍白。
最新回复
(
0
)