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  3. Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency

Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency

游客2024-01-12  5
问题     Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case, Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.
    Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclu- sion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital invest - ment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.
    A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-product ion phi- losophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the production of different compo- nents or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active. [br] With which of the following predictive statement regarding Japanese automakers would the author most likely agree?
选项 A、The efficiency levels of the Japanese automakers will decline if they become less flexible in their approach to production.
B、Japanese automakers productivity levels double during the late 1990’s.
C、United States automakers will originate net production processes before Japanese automakers do.
D、Japanese automakers will hire fewer workers than will United States automakers because each worker is required to perform several jobs.
E、Japanese automakers will spend less on equipment repairs than will United States automakers because Japanese equipment can be easily altered.
答案 A
解析 哪一个关于日本汽车制造的说法，作者最有可能同意：A．正确。如果日本企业制造方式不灵活，其生产效率也会下降。文中作者同意的观点：L40—43，日本企业效率高是由生产灵活促成，可推出该选项。B．“during the late 1990’s”，文中无。C．“net production processes”无。D．因为每个日本工人可做各项工作，所以企业主会少雇工人。文中谈日本工人被训练做一件以上工作，不是企业主为了少雇人，而是为了增加生产效率。E．同D，对结果的解释无法由原文推出。
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