2. 职称英语
  3. Structural unemployment—the unemployment that remains even at the peak of the ec

Structural unemployment—the unemployment that remains even at the peak of the ec

游客2024-01-12  55
问题 Structural unemployment—the unemployment that remains even at the peak of the economy’s upswings—is caused by an imbalance between the types and locations of available employment on the one hand and the qualifications and locations of workers on the other hand. When such an imbalance exists, both labor shortages and unemployment may occur, despite a balance between supply and demand for labor in the economy as a whole.
Because technological change is likely to displace some workers, it is a major factor in producing structural unemployment. While technological advance almost invariably results in shifts in demands for different types of workers, it does not necessarily result in unemployment. Relatively small or gradual changes in demand are likely to cause little unemployment. In the individual firm or even in the labor market as a whole, normal attrition may be sufficient to reduce the size of the work force in the affected occupations. Relatively large or rapid changes, however, can cause serious problems. Workers may lose their jobs and find themselves without the skills necessary to obtain new jobs. Whether this displacement leads to structural unemployment depends on the amount of public and private sector resources devoted to retraining and placing those workers. Workers can be encouraged to move where there are jobs, to reeducate or retrain themselves, or to retire. In addition, other factors affecting structural unemployment, such as capital movement, can be controlled.
Increased structural unemployment, should it occur, makes it difficult for the economy to achieve desired low rates of unemployment along with low rates of inflation. If there is a growing pool of workers who lack the necessary skills for the available jobs, increases in total labor demand will rapidly generate shortages of qualified workers. As the wages of those workers are bid up, labor costs, and thus prices, rise. This phenomenon may be an important factor in the rising trend, observed for the past two decades, of unemployment combined with inflation. Government policy has placed a priority on reducing inflation, but these efforts have nevertheless caused unemployment to increase. [br] All of the following are mentioned as ways of controlling the magnitude of structural unemployment EXCEPT
选项 A、using public funds to create jobs
B、teaching new skills to displaced workers
C、allowing displaced workers to retire
D、controlling the movement of capital
E、encouraging workers to move to where jobs are available
答案 A
解析 Supporting idea
This question addresses what the passage states directly about how the magnitude of structural unemployment can be controlled. The last few sentences of the second paragraph state several ways in which this control may be exerted.
A Correct. The passage mentions using public sector resources, but it does not say that those resources could be used to create jobs.
B The passage states that workers can be reeducated or retrained as a way of addressing structural unemployment.
C Encouraging workers to retire is one of the options mentioned in the passage for controlling structural unemployment.
D Capital movement is one of the factors affecting structural unemployment, and the passage states that controlling this movement can be used as a way of controlling structural unemployment.
E The passage indicates that encouraging displaced workers to move where there are jobs is a way to help control structural unemployment.
The correct answer is A.
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