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  3. Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent less particul

Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent less particul

游客2024-01-12  29
问题 Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent less particulate pollution than the engine made by its main rival, Onez, now widely used in Marania; Ythex’s engine is well-suited for use in the thriving warehousing businesses in Marania, although it costs more than the Onez engine. The Maranian government plans to ban within the next two years the use of diesel engines with more than 80 percent of current diesel engine particulate emissions in Marania, and Onez will probably not be able to retool its engine to reduce emissions to reach this target. So if the ban is passed, the Ythex engine ought to sell well in Marania after that time.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?
选项 A、Marania’s warehousing and transshipment business buys more diesel engines of any size than other types of engines.
B、Ythex is likely to be able to reduce the cost of its small diesel engine within the next two years.
C、The Maranian government is generally favorable to anti-pollution regulations.
D、The government’s ban on high levels of pollution caused by diesel engines, if passed, will not be difficult to enforce.
E、The other manufacturers of small diesel engines in Marania, if there are any, have not produced an engine as popular and clean-running as Ythex’s new engine.
答案 E
解析 Argument Evaluation
Situation Two companies, Ythex and Onez, produce diesel engines in Marania. Ythex has developed a small engine that produces less particulate pollution than the engine made by Onez, its main rival. The Maranian government will put a new maximum particulate-emission level in force within two years, but Onez will not be able to meet this target.
Reasoning What would have to be assumed for the argument to support the prediction that Ythex’s engine will sell well in two years when the new maximum particulate level is introducedl’To answer this, one might ask, for example: Will the maximum level be efficiently enforced? Will Ythex have any rivals other than Onez that will compete in the low-pollution diesel market?
A This tells us that there is a significant market for diesel engines, but this not an assumption that the reasoning depends on. The reasoning focuses only on the market for diesel engines and does not address the relative sizes of the market for diesel engines and that for non-diesel engines.
B If this is true, it provides additional support for the conclusion that Ythex’s engine will sell well in two years. However, it is not an assumption on which the reasoning relies.
C This information is peripheral to the reasoning and not an assumption on which the reasoning relies. Adding it to the information given would not make the reasoning more logically compelling.
D The ban might be quite difficult to enforce, but a more important issue is whether the ban will be effectively enforced (so the reasoning does have to assume that the ban would be at least somewhat effective). No assumption about the relative difficulty of enforcing the ban needs to be made for the reasoning to be logically compelling.
E Correct. Are there one or more diesel engines from other companies that will be able to compete effectively with Ythex’s engine when the ban is introduced? For the reasoning to be logically compelling, it needs to be assumed that the answer is no.
The correct answer is E.
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