首页
登录
职称英语
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tri
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tri
游客
2024-01-11
52
管理
问题
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tribes
have been unable to collect adequate carbohydrates in the rain forest due to its
lack of starch producing species, and were thus forced to develop trade
Line relationships with agriculturalists. This hypothesis has been shown to rest on
(5) impossibly idealized conceptions of virgin rain forest, forager behavior and
history, such that one may argue something diametrically different: millennia of
trade relationships with agricultural peoples have led to changes in forager
behaviors and in the composition of the forests they inhabit. Supposing that
humans modify their environments in ways that are generally favorable toward
(10) their continued survival, it follows that an increased reliance on agriculturalists
for carbohydrates might lead to the gradual disappearance of rain forest
starches. Horticulturalists are likely to dedicate the majority of their efforts
toward staple starch crops such as rice or wheat, which in some environments
may provide a more efficient source of carbohydrates than does foraging.
(15) Foragers, then, would be inclined to assume the "professional primitive" role,
and trade more tasty and nutritious rain forest resources such as meat and fruit
in exchange for carbohydrates, as Headland himself observed in a multitude of
cultures around the world.
Foragers may have also lost some of their knowledge and technologies
(20) related to carbohydrate extraction from the rain forest, and the carbohydrate-
rich rain forest species may have arrested their co-evolution with foragers,
leaving the impression that rain forests have always possessed insufficient
quantities of such resources to support humans. A co-evolutionary argument is
not, however, necessary to this line of reasoning, for rain forests may adapt
(25) purely in terms of the quantity and availability of extant carbohydrate-rich
species, as the case of sago palms evinces in two ways. Firstly, the selective
harvesting of some trees has been shown to have a "thinning" effect which helps
the species to gain sunlight and to thrive, positively affecting its long-term
survival, reproduction and distribution at the expense of carbohydrate-rich
(30) species. Secondly, the sago palm has two means of reproduction: vegetatively,
or through "suckers", and through seed disbursal, which whether intentional
and inadvertent is likely to increase when humans are harvesting the trees.
Although sago palms are particularly prevalent in the areas where, for instance,
the Penan foragers exploit it, there has been no study to show that this would
(35) remain the case if the Penan were to move, or to cease exploiting the trees.
Admittedly, this response to the Headland Hypothesis has problems, for
not all carbohydrate producing species are disbursed by seeds, nor have they all
been shown to benefit from human foraging behaviors. Theories of co-evolution
do, however, predict that such relationships would be likely to evolve, and the
(40) simple fact that disturbing the rain forest through fire, sago harvesting, and
countless other means available to foragers can lead to better environments for
carbohydrate growth, illustrates that significant changes could have occurred in
much less time than one might expect. [br] The author of the passage mentions which of the following as posing an alternative to the Headland Hypothesis?
选项
A、Rain forests have always possessed insufficient quantities of carbohydrate-rich resources to support foragers without the aid of agriculturalists.
B、The difficulty of raising carbohydrate-rich plant species in certain areas of the rain forest may have led to the arrest of those species’ co-evolution.
C、Trade relationships between agriculturalists and foragers may have been the cause of the disappearance of certain carbohydrate-rich plant species, not vice-versa.
D、Foragers may have been willing to trade carbohydrate-rich plants in exchange for the more nutritious food products of agriculturalists.
E、Environmental changes in rain forest composition may have led to the loss of certain foraging techniques.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352981.html
相关试题推荐
A、Failingtorecognizethereciprocalrelationshipbetweenforagingpracticesan
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltribes
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
Witkinsrightlyarguesthatpopulationmaybedeemedavalidsustain
Witkinsrightlyarguesthatpopulationmaybedeemedavalidsustain
Willsarguesthatcertainmalarialparasitesareespecially(i)______becausethey
Thebinaryplanethypothesis—thatEarthandtheMoonformedsimultaneouslybyth
Thebinaryplanethypothesis—thatEarthandtheMoonformedsimultaneouslybyth
随机试题
OnPublicSpeakingI.People’sfrequentresponsetogivi
Theconceptionofpovertyandwhatto【C1】______aboutithavechangedoverth
金匮肾气丸适用于糖尿病的哪种证型A、阴虚阳盛 B、气阴两虚 C、阴阳两虚
甲与乙签订房屋买卖合同,将自有的一幢房屋卖给乙,并约定任何一方违约须向对方支付购
B
最常见的结核分枝杆菌所致疾病是A.淋巴结核B.结核性胸膜炎C.肺结核D.肠结核E
《统计法》规定,县级以上人民政府统计机构可以在统计调查对象中推广使用计算机网络报
社会工作者在策划项目时,一方面要考虑服务对象的问题和需求,另一方面要考虑资源保障
一住店客人未付房钱即想离开旅馆去车站。旅馆服务员揪住他不让走,并打报警电话。客人
有内在拟交感活性的β受体阻滞剂是( )。A.普萘洛尔 B.美托洛尔 C.阿
最新回复
(
0
)