2. 职称英语
  3. During the 1920s, most advocates of scientific management, Frederick Taylors met

During the 1920s, most advocates of scientific management, Frederick Taylors met

游客2024-01-11  27
问题 During the 1920s, most advocates of scientific management, Frederick Taylors method for maximizing workers’ productivity by rigorously routinizing their jobs, opposed the five-day workweek. Although scientific managers conceded that reducing hours might provide an incentive to workers, in practice they more often used pay differentials to encourage higher productivity. Those reformers who wished to embrace both scientific management and reduced hours had to make a largely negative case, portraying the latter as an antidote to the rigors of the former.
In contrast to the scientific managers, Henry Ford claimed that shorter hours led to greater productivity and profits. However, few employers matched either Ford’s vision or his specific interest in mass marketing a product—automobiles—that required leisure for its use, and few unions succeeded in securing shorter hours through bargaining. At its 1928 convention, the American Federation of Labor(AFL)boasted of approximately 165,000 members working five-day, 40-hour weeks. But although this represented an increase of about 75,000 since 1926, about 70 percent of the total came from five extremely well-organized building trades’ unions. [br] According to the passage, the "reformers"(line 5)claimed that
选项 A、neither scientific management nor reduced hours would result in an improvement in the working conditions of most workers
B、the impact that the routinization of work had on workers could be mitigated by a reduction in the length of their workweek
C、there was an inherent tension between the principles of scientific management and a commitment to reduced workweeks
D、scientific managers were more likely than other managers to use pay differentials to encourage higher productivity
E、reducing the length of the workweek would increase productivity more effectively than would increases in pay
答案 B
解析 Choice B: the impact that the routinization of work had on workers could be mitigated by a reduction in the length of their workweek
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