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  3. New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their v

New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their v

游客2024-01-10  60
问题 New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their views on the evolutionary relationships between many species. Traditionally the relatedness of species has been ascertained by a close comparison of their anatomy. The new methods infer the closeness of any two species’ relationship to each other directly from similarities between the species’ genetic codes.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information?
选项 A、The apparent degree of relatedness of some species, as determined by anatomical criteria, is not borne out by their degree of genetic similarity.
B、When they know the differences between two species’ genetic codes, taxonomists can infer what the observable anatomical differences between those species must be.
C、The degree to which individuals of the same species are anatomically similar is determined more by their genetic codes than by such environmental factors as food supply.
D、The traditional anatomical methods by which taxonomists investigated the relatedness of species are incapable of any further refinement.
E、Without the use of genetic methods, taxonomists would never be able to obtain any accurate information about species’ degrees of relatedness to one another.
答案 A
解析 A．The apparent degree of relatedness of some species，as determined by anatomical criteria，is not borne out by their degree of genetic similarity．某些物种之间通过解剖学标准确定的关联程度并没有被基因相似程度证实。
解析：本题的量词some即表明老方法在某些物种身上得出的结论是错的。该选项正确。
B．When they know the differences between two species’genetic codes，taxonomists can infer what the observable anatomical differences between those species must be．当他们知道两个物种基因编码的差异时，分类学家可以推测出那些物种之间可以观察到的解剖学差异。
解析：根据本文，无法得出解剖学差异和基因编码差异之间的必然联系，因此本选项属于无关选项。
C．The degree to which individuals of the same species are anatomically similar is determined more by their genetic codes than by such environmental factors as food supply．相同物种内的个体在解剖学上的相似程度，相比于食物供给这种环境因素，更多的是被基因编码决定的。
解析：本文讨论的是不同物种之间的相似程度，而该选项讨论的是相同物种内不同个体的相似程度，属于原文没提到的内容，不选。
D．The traditional anatomical methods by which taxonomists investigated the relatedness of species are incapable of any further refinement．分类学家用来研究物种之间关联程度的传统解剖学方法无法得到任何改进。
解析：根据本文，传统方法在某些物种(假设100个物种)身上得到的结论是错的。假设传统方法可以改进，使得传统方法犯错误率降低，比如降低到50个物种。50个物种依然可以属于many的范畴，因此本选项取反之后，并没有与文章产生矛盾，而选项不取反就会跟文章发生矛盾，所以不选。
E．Without the use of genetic methods，taxonomists would never be able to obtain any accurate information about species’degrees of relatedness to one another．不用基因学方法，分类学家永远不可能得到关于物种间关联程度的任何精确信息。
解析：解剖学方法只是在某些物种上得到了错误的结论，在其他物种上得到的结论是正确的，该选项过于极端，不选。
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