2. 职称英语
  3. Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obst

Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obst

游客2024-01-10  35
问题     Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles relative to men as they move up the organizational ladder in business. This proposition, which we term the increasing-disadvantage model, is a core element of the popular glass ceiling metaphor. Despite continued widespread public acceptance of the glass ceiling idea and some consistent findings, most research to date has failed to support the increasing-disadvantage model. Indeed, several studies based on private-sector firms find that women’s mobility prospects improve, rather than decline, as they climb upward in corporate hierarchies. In the public sector, researchers have found either no sex differences in mobility or a larger female disadvantage in lower grades.
    Comparing cross-sectional national samples of workers, Baxter and Wright found no evidence in the United States, and only limited evidence in Sweden and Australia, that women’ s probability of being located in a higher versus a lower hierarchical level declined relative to men’ s at higher levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that the glass ceiling may be a myth. Women’ s scarcity in top organizational ranks may simply represent the cumulative effect of a constant-or even decreasing-disadvantage at successive hierarchical levels. [br] The author of the passage and those accepting the “proposition” would most likely agree with which of the following?
选项 A、Lower down on the organizational ladder, women tend to experience fewer disadvantages than they do at higher levels.
B、Women experience no more disadvantages in moving up the organizational ladder than do men.
C、The degree of disadvantage experiences by women remains constant as women move up the organizational ladder.
D、The obstacles to women’ s advancement vary significantly from country to country.
E、Women face some disadvantage at each stage of the organizational ladder.
答案 E
解析 本题的关键在于识别出文中各个观点的持有者。这道题目考查的是作者和proposition之间的共同点。proposition对应第一段一二句，认为女性升迁过程中面临越来越多的障碍。文中作者的观点认为女性不会面临玻璃天花板。这看起来两个观点没什么共同点，但是注意文章最后一句也是作者说的，作者认为各个等级之间的劣势存在集合效应，在每个层级中的劣势是一样甚至是递减的。两个观点取一个交集，便可知道proposition和作者都认为女性会面临劣势，故选项E正确。A项这是proposition的观点(第一句中的increasing obstacles relative to men as they move up)，但是作者认为随着升迁，女性遇到的障碍不变或下降。B项这与proposition相悖。C项这是作者的观点。D项作者和proposition都没有提到国家差异。
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