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  3. The discovery of subsurface life on Earth, surviving independently from surf

The discovery of subsurface life on Earth, surviving independently from surf

游客2024-01-10  27
问题     The discovery of subsurface life on Earth, surviving independently from surface life, refuted the belief that biological processes require not only liquid water but sunlight as well, thus greatly enhancing the possibility of life beyond Earth. Take Jupiter’s moon Europa. Space probes show a body covered with a thick layer of ice. As Europa orbits its planet, however, it flexes due to the gravitational tug-of-war between it, its sister moons, and Jupiter. Through friction, this flexing produces heat in the moon’s interior capable of melting ice. Photosynthetic life is impossible there because sunlight is completely absent, but life such as the microbes that flourish deep within earth may still be possible. [br] The highlighted sentence “take Jupiter’s moon Europa” serves to introduce
选项 A、an instance that allows a hypothesis to be tested
B、speculation grounded in empirical discovery
C、a deduction form a newly advanced hypothesis
D、a large-scale effect of an apparently insignificant contingency
E、the derivation of a contradiction to refute a claim
答案 B
解析 根据本文的论证流程，木卫二有生命是一个推论(对应选项B的speculation)，它是基于地球地表下发现了生命这一事实(对应选项B的empirical discovery)，因此选项B正确。注：empirical：实证性的(originating in or based on observation or experience)，基于观察、体验和实验的都称之为empirical，原文中地球地表下发现生命是一个客观的观察。A项a hypothesis对应“没有阳光也可以有生命”，但是使得这个假说得以验证的例子是地球，而非木卫二，木卫二是基于这个假说得到的推论，该项可以改成：all instance derived from a hypothesis。C项文中看不出“没有阳光也可以有生命”这一假说是新被提出的。D项a large-scale effect和insignificant contingency在文中没有对应。E项a contradiction在文中没有对应。
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