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  3. Reading In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic s

Reading In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic s

游客2024-01-04  34
问题     Reading
    In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic subject, and then listen to a talk on the same topic. Then you will answer a question using information from both the reading and the talk. After the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare you response and 60 seconds to speak.
    Now read the passage about cognitive dissonance. You have 50 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
Cognitive Dissonance
    Cognitive dissonance is the confusion caused by conflicting information. When an established belief is contradicted by new information, the mind struggles to resolve the conflict. This resolution may come by changing the belief, changing the new information, or adding more information that supports the belief. Beliefs related to self-image are very important and cause the strongest dissonance. When confronted with information that contradicts a perception of the self, a person is likely to eliminate the new information and seek more comforting information to overcome it. In contrast, information conflicting with a belief about someone else is more likely to lead to altering the belief about that person.
    Listening

    Question
    The professor describes Joe’s behavior in two different cases. Explain how these examples relate to cognitive dissonance and self-perception.
Alright, so we’re talking about cognitive dissonance. As you know, dissonance is strongest when it relates to our perception of ourselves. Let’s say that Joe thinks he’s a good singer. He actually prides himself on his singing voice. Now, let’s say he gets up and sings at a wedding, but the people respond negatively. What is Joe going to do with this information? He might think that those people don’t appreciate good singing or that he just wasn’t in good voice THAT DAY. Maybe he asks his friends about his performance and is comforted to hear their reassuring opinions. He might even find a way to forget about the incident altogether and preserve his belief that he’s a spectacular singer.
    Alright. Now Joe’s at, ah, let’s say a party, and his friend Mary decides to sing. Up to this point, Joe believes that Mary is a good singer. He’s heard her sing before, and she did a pretty good job of it, but this time her singing is quite bad. In this case, Joe is more likely to change his original belief and think, "Well, maybe Mary’s not as good a singer as I thought." You see that he doesn’t make as much effort to defend the belief when it’s about Mary. Because the dissonance is not related to him personally, Joe readily takes care of the disagreeing perceptions by accepting the evidence he has just perceived.
选项
答案     The reading passage gives some ways that a person deals with cognitive dissonance, in particular, cognitive dissonance related to self-perception. Beliefs about the self are less likely to change because a person defends those beliefs by destroying conflicting information. In the example, we see Joe defending his belief in himself by making excuses for himself or asking other people to make excuses for him. Or he could simply try to forget about the information that caused the cognitive dissonance. His mind is working very hard to get rid of the information that threatens his self-perception. However, when Joe sees Mary singing poorly, he does not try to defend his belief in her. Instead, he easily accepts the perception of her as a poor singer. This is because the belief is not connected to his own self-perception.
解析 本题要求考生阅读短文后，收听与短文内容相关的讲座，然后根据这两段内容回答问题。考生只要通过阅读短文把握内容的核心思想，并通过听力讲座联系短文主要内容的相关细节，就可以比较容易地作出回答。
    阅读短文首先概括介绍了什么是认知失调，然后介绍了引起矛盾的新信息是否和自我相关，以及随之而来的失调的强度和处理方法。在听力讲座中，通过假设Joe和他人之间在认知失调发生的情况下如何反应的实例来进一步证明短文的观点。
    参考答案通过三段式结构巧妙地将短文的核心含义与听力讲座联系了起来。首先，概括了短文涉及的认知失调的含义；然后阐述了在发生认知失调时，Joe为了坚持自己以前的认识，试图不受导致失调新要素影响的行为，同时解释说自己的认识不会轻易改变。但相反，在其他人身上发生认知失调时，因为不是Joe自身接受的新信息，因此他很容易接受了这种新信息，并且改变想法的可能性很大。像这样，参考答案灵活运用了短文的所有信息，用考生自己的表达方式很好地作出了回答。
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