Hudson River School The Hudson River School encompasses

游客2024-01-04 11

问题 Hudson River School
The Hudson River School encompasses two generations of painters inspired by Thomas Cole’s awesomely Romantic images of America’s wilderness in the Hudson River Valley and also in the newly opened West. The Hudson River painters, the first coherent school of American art, helped to shape the themes of the American landscape. Beginning with the works of Thomas Cole (1801—1848) and Asher B. Durand (1796—1886) and evolving into the Luminist and late Romantic schools, landscape painting was the prevalent genre of 19th century American art. With roots in European Romanticism and with correspondences to European painters, the Hudson River painters, nonetheless, set about to heed Emerson’s call "to ignore the courtly Muses of Europe" and define a distinct vision for American art. The artists translated these ideas into an aesthetic that was sweeping and spontaneous. Like the vast nation that lay before them, which they celebrated with a sense of awe for its majestic natural resources and a feeling of optimism for the huge potential it held, the Hudson River painters depicted a New World wilderness in which man, though minuscule as he was beside the vastness of creation, nevertheless retained that divine spark that completed the circle of harmony. Wilderness was something that Europe no longer possessed— it was uniquely American. These artists painted grandiose and detailed scenery of the Hudson Valley and New England filled with awe and optimism often combined with a moral message. As Thomas Cole maintained, if nature were untouched by the hand of man—as was much of the primeval American landscape in the early 19th century—then man could become more easily acquainted with the hand of God. Sharing the philosophy of the American Transcendentalists that painting should become a vehicle through which the universal mind could reach the mind of mankind, the Hudson River painters believed art to be an agent of moral and spiritual transformation. The impetus to celebrate the glories of the Hudson Valley began before Thomas Cole, but it was Cole with his literary and dramatic instincts and his years of European study who made the most coherent and articulated case for a new art for a new land. He did much to revolutionize not only the styles and themes of American painting, but the methods. Cole sketched from nature, frequently dramatic scenes in the Catskills or White Mountains, and then returned to his studio to compose his large scale canvasses, alive with tactile brushwork and atmospheric lighting that seemed to breathe. The influence of the Hudson River School was carried into the mid-19th century by artists like John Frederick Kensett and Martin Johnson Heade, who came to be known as Luminists because of their experiments with the effects of light on water and sky, and by Frederic Edwin Church. Church, who based himself in his panoramic home in the Catskills at Olana, sought more extensive horizons for his canvasses. Like Walt Whitman he tried to contain multitudes. He traveled the globe, painting scenery from the Hudson Valley to the American West to the Andes, Amazon, and Arctic, and he laid the foundation for the post-Civil War generation of landscape painters. A painting which has become a virtual emblem for the Hudson River School is KINDRED SPIRITS by Asher B. Durand, which hangs in New York City’s Public Library. In it Durand depicts himself, together with Cole, on a rocky promontory in serene contemplation of the scene before them; the gorge with its running stream, the gossamer Catskill mists shimmering in a palette of subtle colors, framed by foliage.
(A) [■] In the foreground stands one of the school’s famous symbols—a broken tree stump—what Cole called a "memento mori" or reminder that life is fragile and impermanent;
(B) [■]only Nature and the Divine within the Human Soul are eternal.
(C) [■]As Cole and Durand firmly believed, if the American landscape was a new Garden of Eden, then it was they, as artists, who kept the keys of entry.
(D) [■] [br] Why does the author say that it was the artists who kept the keys in Paragraph 6?

选项 A、To show that the artists play a very important role in lifting the souls of people and thus enabling people to have a pure life.
B、To demonstrate that artists and their paintings should serve as a bridge between the universal mind and the mind of humans.
C、To prove that artists were very important in expressing the themes of the Hudson River paintings.
D、To state that artists should have a broad knowledge of the Bible in order to fully depict the themes of the Hudson River paintings.

答案 B

解析本题为推论题，考查考生能否根据文章中没有明确阐述但却暗示了的信息进行推断。题目问：在第六段中，为什么作者说艺术家掌握着进门的钥匙?在此句之前的几句中，作者说明了断木桩象征着生命的短暂和脆弱，只有扎根于人灵魂深处的自然和上帝才是永恒的。而且在第三段中，作者指出哈得逊学派的艺术宗旨就是使油画成为沟通宇宙思想和人的思想的桥梁(painting should become a vehicle through which the universal mind could reach the mind of mankind…)。因此，可以推断，人如果想要得到永恒就必须和宇宙即自然的思想进行沟通，而架起这种沟通的桥梁就是艺术家，因此选B。

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