首页
登录
职称英语
Philosophy of Logical AnalysisModern physics and physio
Philosophy of Logical AnalysisModern physics and physio
游客
2024-01-03
7
管理
问题
Philosophy of Logical Analysis
Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If there is to be anything that can be called "perception", it must be in some degree an effect of the object perceived, and it must more or less resemble the object if it is to be a source of knowledge of the object. The first requisite can only be fulfilled if there are causal chains which are, to a greater or lesser extent, independent of the rest of the world. According to physics, this is the case.
Modern analytical empiricism differs from that of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume by its incorporation of mathematics and its development of a powerful logical technique. It is thus able, in regard to certain problems, to achieve definite answers, which have the quality of science rather than philosophy.
It has the advantage, as compared with the philosophies of system-builders, of being able to tackle its problems one at a time, instead of having to invent at one stroke a block theory of the whole universe. Its methods, in this respect, resemble those of science.
There remains, however, a vast field, traditionally included in philosophy, where scientific methods are inadequate. This field includes ultimate questions of value; science alone, for example, cannot prove that it is bad to enjoy the infliction cruelty. Whatever can be known, can be known by means of science; but things which are legitimately matters of feeling lie outside its province.
Philosophy, throughout its history, has consisted of two parts inharmoniously blended: on the one hand, a theory as to the nature of the world, on the other hand, an ethical or political doctrine as to the best way of living.(A)
The failure to separate these two with sufficient clarity has been a source of much confused thinking.(B)
Philosophers, from Plato to William James, have allowed their opinions as to the constitution of the universe to be influenced by the desire for
edification
: knowing, as they supposed, what beliefs would make men virtuous, they have invented arguments, often very sophisticated, to prove that these beliefs are true.(C)
Morally, a philosopher who uses his professional competence for anything except a disinterested search for truth is guilty of a kind of treachery. And when he assumes, in advance of inquiry, that certain beliefs, whether true or false, are such as to promote good behavior, he is so limiting the scope of philosophical speculation as to make philosophy trivial; the true philosopher is prepared to examine all preconceptions.(D)
When any limits are placed, consciously or unconsciously, upon the pursuit of truth, philosophy becomes
paralyzed
by fear, and the ground is prepared for a government censorship punishing those who utter "dangerous thoughts" —in fact, the philosopher has already placed such a censorship over his own investigations.
Intellectually, the effect of mistaken moral considerations upon philosophy has been to impede progress to an extraordinary extent. I do not myself believe that philosophy can either prove or disapprove the truth of religious dogmas, but ever since Plato most philosophers have considered it part of their business to produce "proofs" of immortality and the existence of God. They have found fault with the proofs of their predecessors—Saint Thomas rejected Saint Anselm’s proofs, and Kant rejected Descartes’ but they have supplied new ones of their own. In order to make their proofs seem valid, they have had to falsify logic, to make mathematics mystical, and to pretend that deep-seated prejudices were heaven-sent intuitions.
All this is rejected by the philosophers who make logical analysis the main business of philosophy. They confess frankly that the human intellect is of profound importance to mankind, but they refuse to believe that there is some "higher" way of knowing, by which we can discover truths hidden from science and the intellect. For this renunciation, they have been rewarded by the discovery that many questions, formerly obscured by the fog of metaphysics, can be answered with precision, and by objective methods which introduce nothing of the philosophers’ temperament except the desire to understand. Take such questions as: What is a number? What are space and time? What is mind, and what is matter? I do not say that we can here and now give definite answers to all these ancient questions, but I do say that a method has been discovered by which, as in science, we can make successive approximations to the truth. [br] In Paragraph 5, according to the author’s opinion, what can philosophy do?
选项
A、It proves or justifies religious truth.
B、It disapproves and rejects any religious truth.
C、It neither proves nor disapproves religious truth.
D、It will influence religious truth.
答案
C
解析
本题为事实信息题。题目问:作者认为哲学能够做什么?根据第五段的句子“I do notmyself believe that philosophy can either prove or disapprove the truth of religious dogmas…”可知,哲学既不能证明也不能反对宗教信条的真实性。因此选项C为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3330816.html
相关试题推荐
"PhilosophyClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1054_20121[/img][br]Accord
"PhilosophyClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1054_20121[/img][br]Whydo
Philosophy[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_0212_20121[/img][br]Listenagainto
Philosophy[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_0212_20121[/img][br]Whichideasare
Philosophy[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_0212_20121[/img][br]Withwhichphil
Philosophy[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_0212_20121[/img][br]Accordingtoth
"PhysicsClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1728_20121[/img][br]Whydoest
"PhysicsClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1728_20121[/img][br]According
"PhysicsClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1728_20121[/img][br]Howdoest
PhilosophyofLogicalAnalysisModernphysicsandphysiologythr
随机试题
[audioFiles]audio_eufm_j67_001(20082)[/audioFiles]A、Savemoneyforacar.B、Buy
据统计,公民大会每隔八九天便召开一次,讨论国家安全、对外政策、粮食供应、国家债务
研究和发现股票的( ),并将其与市场价格比较,进而决定投资策略是证券分析师的主
股份有限公司公开发行股票,应当符合《公司法》规定的条件和国务院证券监督管理机构规
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
由于自来水公司供水设备出现故障,影响了市民供水,市民反应激烈,你作为政府的一名工
一住店客人未付房钱即想离开旅馆去车站。旅馆服务员揪住他不让走,并打报警电话。客人
HAMD的评分标准是()。单选A.各项目0-4分的5级评分法 B.各项目1
下列各项中,会引起交易性金融资产账面价值发生变化的有()。A.期末交易性金融资
下列后张法预制梁的施工步骤中错误的有( )。A.采用蒸汽养护混凝土时,在养护完成
最新回复
(
0
)