2. 职称英语
  3. You will now read a short passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. You

You will now read a short passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. You

游客2024-01-03  23
问题 You will now read a short passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, give yourself 30 seconds to prepare your response. Then record yourself speaking for 60 seconds.
                Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories
    In everyday life, when people speak of memory, they are almost always speaking about what psychologists would call explicit memories. An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection, usually of facts, names, events, or other things that a person can state or declare. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. Memories of this kind are called implicit memories. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions that indicate the experience has been somehow recorded in his or her brain.
Listen to Track 58.

Using the example of the car advertisement, explain what is meant by implicit memory.
Narrator
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology class.
Professor
OK, the first kind of memory, we’re all very familiar with this, right? You probably remember what you had for dinner last night. You have a conscious memory of last night’s dinner, so, um, if I ask you "What did you eat last night?" you could tell me.
But these other kind of memories—implicit memories. They work differently.
Let’s take an example from the world of advertising. When you’re driving along a highway, you see plenty of billboards—you know, roadside advertisements. You certainly don’t remember them all. But they still affect you. Marketing researchers have shown ... well, to be specific, let’s say there’s a billboard on the highway advertising a car called "the Panther." The ad shows a big picture of the car. And above the car in huge letters is the name of the car: "Panther." A lot of people drive by the billboard. But. . . ask those drivers later if they saw any advertisements for cars, and, well, they’ll think about it, and a lot of them will say no. They honestly don’t remember seeing any. They have no conscious memory of the "Panther" billboard. So you ask these same people a different question: You ask, um, OK, ah, you ask them to name an animal starting with the letter P. What do you think they will answer? Do they say "pig"? Pig is the most common animal that starts with the letter P. But they don’t say "pig." They say "panther." The billboard had an effect, even though the drivers don’t remember ever seeing it.
Narrator
Using the example of the car advertisement, explain what is meant by implicit memory.
选项
答案     To respond to this particular question you should first explain the idea of implicit memory as it was presented in the reading. An implicit memory is not conscious and cannot be recalled, but it is recorded in our brains. You may choose to contrast this with explicit memory, which is consciously recalled, but do not spend too much time at this stage. You must give yourself enough time to discuss the professor’s example.
    You should then use the example given by the professor to explain implicit memory. In the example, implicit memory is demonstrated when a person drives by a billboard and sees an advertisement for a car called "Panther" but has no recollection of the billboard. Then later, the same person recalls the word "Panther" when asked to name an animal that starts with the letter "P," even though "pig" is a more common animal that begins with "p." This shows that the billboard has had an effect on the person’s memory; this is an illustration of implicit memory.
    You do not need to repeat all of the details from the reading and the lecture, but instead integrate points from both to answer the question completely.
    Your response should be intelligible, should demonstrate effective use of grammar and vocabulary, and should be well developed and coherent.
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