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  3. Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some

Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some

游客2023-12-30  27
问题 Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful. Did you know that the average student has five to six friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits do not tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship.
    In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us ("birds of a feather") rather than those who would be complementary ("opposites attract"). In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes (toward politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of the four months,  though it had less to do with initial alliances—not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection.
    There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see who remained together and who split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship, though there is a complication: when marriage is concerned, once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed. Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar.
    The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us. This, of course, can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago. [br] Studies of marriage relationships indicate that _____.
选项 A、exactly the same bases for success apply for ordinary friendship
B、it is, first of all, necessary to limit prospective partners to people from similar backgrounds
C、opposites get on better than similar personalities
D、the most successful are those between people who are alike but not exactly
答案 D
解析 第3段第2句说，相似性比互补性更有利于关系的发展。接着第3句提到，婚姻里面，两个人几乎完全相同时，还需要互补性。那么，两个人相似而又不能完全相同(存在互补)，最有利于婚姻。故D“最成功的婚姻是在两个相似但不完全相同的人之间”的说法正确。A“(婚姻)成功的基础也适用于普通的友谊”，文中没有将婚姻与友谊进行对比，故排除A。B“首先，有必要将潜在伴侣的范围限制在具有相同背景的人身上”，第3段第2句提到将范围缩小，会得出另外的结论，这只是研究的方法。无法据此就得出B的结论。C“具有相反性格的人比相似性格的相处得更好”错误。从第3段第2句可看出，相似性对成功的关系更重要。
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