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  3. During the past decade, one of the most prominent themes sounded by policyma

During the past decade, one of the most prominent themes sounded by policyma

游客2023-12-30  31
问题     During the past decade, one of the most prominent themes sounded by policymakers, observers, and analysts of international economic developments has been " globalization". Undoubtedly, economies have become more integrated in recent decades. For example, U. S. trade with other industrialized countries has more than doubled over these years. Industrialized country trade with emerging market economies has experienced a far more dramatic increase. These increases in trade are the natural result of various forces. Transport costs have been a big factor. Air shipping costs have declined over time, although some of this has been eroded recently with greater security costs and the rise in fuel prices. Costs of ocean shipping have come down, due to containerization and bulk shipping. Policy-induced barriers, such as tariffs and other means of restraining international trade, also have declined.
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答案     在过去的10年中，决策者、观察员及国际经济发展的分析员最常谈论的突出主题之一即“全球化”。毫无疑问，各国经济在近几十年里融合得更加紧密。譬如，美国与其他工业国家之间的贸易在这些年中增长了一倍多。工业化国家与新兴市场经济体之间的贸易则经历了更大幅度的增长。多种因素自然而然地促成了这些贸易增长。运输成本就是一个重要因素。这些年来航空运输成本已有所下降，虽然近期由于安全成本和燃油价格的上涨而略有回升。航运成本由于集装箱化、散货运输而有所下降。政策性壁垒，如关税和其他一些限制国际贸易的手段也减少了。
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