Mobile Phones and Public HealthVocabulary and Expressionsepidemiological

游客2023-12-29  27

问题 Mobile Phones and Public Health
Vocabulary and Expressions
epidemiological       cohort studies      glioma         cumulative
tumour              endpoints         meningioma     retrospective
case-control studies    carcinogenic [br] Why IARC has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields into Group 2B?
Mobile Phones and Public Health
   A large number of studies have been performed over the last two decades to assess whether mobile phones pose a potential health risk. Epidemiological research examining potential long-term risks from radiofrequency exposure has mostly looked for an association between brain tumours and mobile phone use. However, because many cancers are not detectable until many years after the interactions that led to the tumour, and since mobile phones were not widely used until the early 1990s, epidemiological studies at present can only assess those cancers that become evident within shorter time periods. However, results of animal studies consistently show no increased cancer risk for long-term exposure to radiofrequency fields.
   Several large multinational epidemiological studies have been completed or are ongoing, including case-control studies and prospective cohort studies examining a number of health endpoints in adults. The largest retrospective case-control study to date on adults, Interphone, coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), was designed to determine whether there are links between use of mobile phones and head and neck cancers in adults.
   The international pooled analysis of data gathered from 13 participating countries found no increased risk of glioma or meningioma with mobile phone use of more than 10 years. There are some indications of an increased risk of glioma for those who reported the highest 10% of cumulative hours of cell phone use, although there was no consistent trend of increasing risk with greater duration of use. The researchers concluded that biases and errors limit the strength of these conclusions and prevent a causal interpretation.
   Based largely on this data, IARC has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), a category used when a causal association is considered credible, but when chance and bias cannot be ruled out with reasonable confidence.
   While an increased risk of brain tumors is not established, the increasing use of mobile phones and the lack of data for mobile phone use over time periods longer than 15 years warrant further research of mobile phone use and brain cancer risk. In particular, with the recent popularity of mobile phone use among younger people, and therefore a potentially longer lifetime of exposure, the WHO has promoted further research on this group. Several studies investigating potential health effects in children and adolescents are underway.

选项 A、They may cause cancer but we are not quite sure.
B、Group 2B category means carcinogenic to animals.
C、A causal association cannot be considered credible.
D、Chances and bias can not be ruled out in scientific studies.

答案 A

解析 根据原文“a category used when a causal association is considered credible,but when chance and bias cannot be ruled out with reasonable confidence”可知,“Group 2B”的基本特点是可能是病因,但人们也不能完全确信,故A为正确答案。
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