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  3. 2012年是中国经济自2008年金融危机以来最困难的一年，中国经济增速14年来首次跌破8％。尽管处于转型期的中国经济出现了增长放缓，但得益于中国政府各项

2012年是中国经济自2008年金融危机以来最困难的一年，中国经济增速14年来首次跌破8％。尽管处于转型期的中国经济出现了增长放缓，但得益于中国政府各项

游客2023-12-28  23
问题     2012年是中国经济自2008年金融危机以来最困难的一年，中国经济增速14年来首次跌破8％。尽管处于转型期的中国经济出现了增长放缓，但得益于中国政府各项行之有效的宏观调控政策和金融改革措施，中国在工业、金融业、服务业等方面取得了很多成就。
    全年全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长10.0％，增速同比回落3.9个百分点。2012年全国规模以上工业企业实现利润55578亿元，同比增长5.3％。其中，国有及国有控股企业实现利润14163亿元，同比下降5.1％，而集体企业和私营企业利润则大幅上升，分别上升7.5％和20％。这表明我国非公制经济正成为推动国民经济发展的重要力量。
    金融方面，我国金融改革取得了前所未有的突破。温州、深圳多地成为金融综合改革试点地区。这种“自下而上”式的改革方式，力求进一步理顺中央和地方的金融管辖权，有效缓解中小企业融资难，引导民间融资规范发展，提升金融服务实体经济能力。同时，利率和汇率市场化改革提速，进一步发挥市场在金融资源配置中的基础性作用。
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答案     China’s economy had undergone a most difficult year in 2012 since the outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis, with its growth rate declining to below 8％ for the first time in 14 years. Despite the slowdown in growth in a period of economic transition, China has achieved much progress in industrial, financial and service sectors, thanks to the effective macro-economic policies and financial reform measures introduced by the Chinese government.
    ln 2012, the total value added of the industrial enterprises above designated size was up by 10.0 percent year-on-year, a 3.9 percent decline in growth rate compared with last year. The profits of industrial enterprises above designated size amounted to 5557.8 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5 percent from last year. The state-owned and state-controlled industrial enterprises gained a profit of 1416.3 billion yuan, a 5.1 percent decline year-on-year, while collective and private industrial enterprises saw significant increases in their profits, 7.5 percent and 20％ year-on-year respectively, which suggests that the non-public sector has been emerging as an important driving force behind China’s economy.
    On the financial sector, financial reforms had made substantive progress which was unprecedented, with Wenzhou and Shenzhen, among many others, being the first cities that conducted a pilot program of comprehensively reforming the financial structure. This “"bottom to top” approach to financial reform tries to sort out the roles of central and local government in jurisdiction over financial affairs, effectively reduce the difficulty small and medium-sized business have in raising fund and guide the development of private financing in a legal and standardized way, thus strengthening the role the financial sector plays in serving the real economy. What’s more, there had been an acceleration in reforms to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rate market-based, which would further ensure that the market plays a fundamental role in allocating financial resources.
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