2. 职称英语
  3. 计算机系统的输入 有人将计算机信息系统比喻成人的中枢神经系统。进而可将输入作为信息系统的一部分，因此，输入设备就可视为计算机系统的感官。 我们

计算机系统的输入 有人将计算机信息系统比喻成人的中枢神经系统。进而可将输入作为信息系统的一部分，因此，输入设备就可视为计算机系统的感官。 我们

游客2023-12-28  12
问题    计算机系统的输入
   有人将计算机信息系统比喻成人的中枢神经系统。进而可将输入作为信息系统的一部分，因此，输入设备就可视为计算机系统的感官。
   我们的输入感官，如视觉、声觉、触觉、味觉及嗅觉，将信息传输到我们的中枢神经系统，并将信息编码成大脑能够处理的模式。类似地，键盘、磁盘驱动器、扫描仪、传感器、摄像机及麦克风，都是计算机系统接收信息的方式，为了以后的处理，这些信息又被编码。
   通常，信息系统由输入数据和信息激活。同样，输入也能够停止处理，就像电灯开关能够开与关一样。所以，输入的主要任务是激活或停止信息处理。
   输入是一个过程，它包括用设备将数据编码或转换成计算机能够处理的数字码。例如，如果按下终端或个人计算机上的字母键A，则激活了一个信息处理周期。该键是一个简单的开关，它感受手指的触压，并触发一个完成下列步骤的循环：(1)键盘编码，或转换成机器能识别的代码；(2)将已编码的数据储存在存储介质中以备处理；(3)在计算机的监视屏上显示字母A。
   了解输入过程后，将输入分成两大类是很有用的：(1)转录输入——通过将源文件的数据转录到另一种能够输入到计算机系统的介质上的方法来获取数据；(2)直接源输入——无分离的转录步骤，而直接从输入源获取数据。输人技术的进步，已经可以避免转录输入而直接从输入源获取数据。
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答案    Computer System Input
   Someone used the analogy of a human central nervous system and a computerized information system. Further insight can be gained by considering input as part of such an information system: input devices are then viewed as some of the sense organs of a computer system.
   Our input sense organs for sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell convey information to our central nervous system. Along the way, this information is encoded into a pattern that the brain can process. In an analogous way, keyboards, disk drives, scanners, sensors, cameras, and microphones are some of the ways computer systems receive information that is then encoded for processing.
   Generally, an information system is activated by the input of data or information. Input can also deactivate processing, just as a light switch can turn off a light as well as turn it on. Thus the primary role of input is to activate or deactivate information processing.
   Input is a process that involves the use of a device to encode or transform data into digital codes that the computer can process. For example, if you press the letter A on the keyboard of a terminal or personal computer, you activate an information processing cycle. The key is simply a switch that senses a finger touch and triggers a cycle to accomplish the following: (1) the keystroke is encoded, or converted into a machine-readable code, (2) the encoded piece of data is stored in a memory location for later processing, and (3) the letter A is displayed on the computer’s monitor screen.
   When learning about the process of input, it is useful to classify input into two broad categories: (1) transcribed input data that are captured by transcribing from source documents onto another medium that is capable of being input to a computer system and (2) direct source input data that are captured directly from their source without a separate transcribing step. Advances in input technology are moving the process of input away from transcription toward the capturing of data directly from their source.
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