首页
登录
职称英语
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and th
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and th
游客
2023-12-27
9
管理
问题
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and they’ll tell you personality, intelligence, sense of humor. But they’re probably deceiving themselves. The characteristic that impresses people the most, when meeting anyone from a job applicant to a blind date, is appearance. And unfair and unenlightened as it may seem, attractive people are frequently preferred over their less attractive peers.
Research begun in the early 1970s has shown that not only do good looks influence such things as choice of friends, lovers, and mates, but that they can also affect school grades, selection for jobs, and even the outcome of a trial. Psychologist Ellen Berscheid of the University of Minnesota and psychologist Elaine Walster, then at the University of Wisconsin, were among the first researchers to deal with the topic of attractiveness. Their seminal 1974 paper on the subject showed that the more attractive a person, the more desirable characteristics others will attribute to him or her. Attractive people are viewed as being happier, more sensitive, more interesting, warmer, more poised, more sociable, and as having better character than their less attractive counterparts. Psychologist Karen Dion of the University of Toronto has dubbed this stereotypical view as: "What is beautiful is good".
Our current work at old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, with colleagues and students, focuses on the role that appearance plays in judgments made about people. Our studies have been done in a variety of settings: basic research laboratories, beauty and cosmetics industry labs, plastic and reconstructive surgery practices, psychiatric hospitals, and psychotherapeutic consulting rooms.
One topic that has led to many avenues of research is how attractiveness influences sex-typing—the tendency of people to attribute certain stereotypical qualities to each sex. Besides being perceived as sensitive, kind, interesting, and generally happy, attractive people tend to fit easily into sexual stereotypes, according to a study done by Barry Gillen, a social psychologist in our department.
Gillen speculated that attractive people possess two types of "goodness", one related to and the other unrelated to their sex. To test this hypothesis he showed a group of students photographs of both men and women of high, moderate, and low attractiveness, as determined by the previous rankings of students according to a seven-point scale (contrary to popular belief, researchers usually don’t use the Bo Derek scale of 10). The judges were asked to rate the subjects according to the masculinity, femininity, and social desirability scales of the Bern Sex Role Inventory. Gillen’s study found that attractive women were perceived as being more feminine, and that attractive men were viewed as being more masculine than their less attractive counterparts. This suggests a second stereotype: "What is beautiful is sex-typed."
One implication of Gillen’s work that we wanted to test was whether good looks are a disadvantage for some people, especially women, in work situations that conflict with sexual stereotypes. By the late 1970s, there was already a sizable body of literature documenting the problems women face because of sex-role stereotypes. We speculated that attractive women might be at a real disadvantage when they aspire to occupations in which stereotypically masculine traits—such as being strong, independent, and decisive—are thought to be required for success.
To test that possibility we did a study with Gillen and Steve Burns, a student in our department, in which professional personnel consultants were hired to rate a "job applicant’s" suitability for six positions. We matched the positions for the skill required, the prestige offered, and the degree of supervisory independence allowed. Two jobs were stereotypically masculine (automobile salesperson, and wholesale hardware shipping and receiving clerk), two feminine (telephone operator and office receptionist) and two were sex-neutral (motel desk clerk and photographic darkroom assistant).
Each of the seventy-two personnel consultants who participated received a resume package for an individual that contained the typical kinds of information that a job applicant might submit: academic standing, a list of hobbies and interests, specific skills and recommendations from teachers and counselors. All of the resumes were identical with the exception of the name ("John" vs. "Janet" Williams) and the inclusion of a photograph of the applicant. Photographs showed either an extremely attractive applicant or an unattractive one, previously judged on an attractiveness scale. [br] What does "typical kinds of information" that a job applicant might submit mean?
选项
A、It means the information most job applicants would usually include in their resume.
B、It refers to the information that a job applicant must submit to the personnel manager for his reference.
C、It stands for all the information required of a job applicant.
D、It means the kinds of information that may influence the personnel manager’s decision.
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3311087.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Somepeopleneverforgetaface.HeatherSellersneverrememb
[originaltext]Somepeopleneverforgetaface.HeatherSellersneverrememb
[originaltext]Somepeopleneverforgetaface.HeatherSellersneverrememb
Whyisitlikelythathewon’tcometothismeeting?[br][originaltext]He’sgo
Whyisitlikelythathewon’tcometothismeeting?[br][originaltext]He’sgo
Whyisitlikelythathewon’tcometothismeeting?[originaltext]He’sgotade
TheblackpeopledidnotvoteinAmericain1941.[br][originaltext]WhenH
TheblackpeopledidnotvoteinAmericain1941.[br][originaltext]WhenH
TheblackpeopledidnotvoteinAmericain1941.[br][originaltext]WhenH
TheblackpeopledidnotvoteinAmericain1941.[originaltext]WhenHenryt
随机试题
Electronictrash,knownase-waste,ispilingupfasterthaneverinAmerica
Inadditiontovisibletrade,whichinvolvestheimportandexportofmercha
共用题干 某开发商为促销楼盘,在醒目位置贴出告示:“新房上市,10月1日开始出
氰化物中毒的解毒剂可选用A.毒扁豆碱 B.亚硝酸盐-硫代硫酸 C.阿托品
土地一般不会毁损,地上建筑物及其附属物具有很好的耐久性,这表明房地产投资非常适合
下列分子中,属于极性分子的是:
消防给水及消火栓系统管网施工时,应设防晃支架的有()。A.管道管径为DN70的
下列情形中,可以构成玩忽职守罪的是A.某国有企业的总经理在经营活动中严重不负责任
可导致嗜睡的常见原因为A.心肾阳虚 B.饮食积滞 C.脾气虚弱 D.痰湿困
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
最新回复
(
0
)