首页
登录
职称英语
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and th
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and th
游客
2023-12-27
35
管理
问题
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and they’ll tell you personality, intelligence, sense of humor. But they’re probably deceiving themselves. The characteristic that impresses people the most, when meeting anyone from a job applicant to a blind date, is appearance. And unfair and unenlightened as it may seem, attractive people are frequently preferred over their less attractive peers.
Research begun in the early 1970s has shown that not only do good looks influence such things as choice of friends, lovers, and mates, but that they can also affect school grades, selection for jobs, and even the outcome of a trial. Psychologist Ellen Berscheid of the University of Minnesota and psychologist Elaine Walster, then at the University of Wisconsin, were among the first researchers to deal with the topic of attractiveness. Their seminal 1974 paper on the subject showed that the more attractive a person, the more desirable characteristics others will attribute to him or her. Attractive people are viewed as being happier, more sensitive, more interesting, warmer, more poised, more sociable, and as having better character than their less attractive counterparts. Psychologist Karen Dion of the University of Toronto has dubbed this stereotypical view as: "What is beautiful is good".
Our current work at old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, with colleagues and students, focuses on the role that appearance plays in judgments made about people. Our studies have been done in a variety of settings: basic research laboratories, beauty and cosmetics industry labs, plastic and reconstructive surgery practices, psychiatric hospitals, and psychotherapeutic consulting rooms.
One topic that has led to many avenues of research is how attractiveness influences sex-typing—the tendency of people to attribute certain stereotypical qualities to each sex. Besides being perceived as sensitive, kind, interesting, and generally happy, attractive people tend to fit easily into sexual stereotypes, according to a study done by Barry Gillen, a social psychologist in our department.
Gillen speculated that attractive people possess two types of "goodness", one related to and the other unrelated to their sex. To test this hypothesis he showed a group of students photographs of both men and women of high, moderate, and low attractiveness, as determined by the previous rankings of students according to a seven-point scale (contrary to popular belief, researchers usually don’t use the Bo Derek scale of 10). The judges were asked to rate the subjects according to the masculinity, femininity, and social desirability scales of the Bern Sex Role Inventory. Gillen’s study found that attractive women were perceived as being more feminine, and that attractive men were viewed as being more masculine than their less attractive counterparts. This suggests a second stereotype: "What is beautiful is sex-typed."
One implication of Gillen’s work that we wanted to test was whether good looks are a disadvantage for some people, especially women, in work situations that conflict with sexual stereotypes. By the late 1970s, there was already a sizable body of literature documenting the problems women face because of sex-role stereotypes. We speculated that attractive women might be at a real disadvantage when they aspire to occupations in which stereotypically masculine traits—such as being strong, independent, and decisive—are thought to be required for success.
To test that possibility we did a study with Gillen and Steve Burns, a student in our department, in which professional personnel consultants were hired to rate a "job applicant’s" suitability for six positions. We matched the positions for the skill required, the prestige offered, and the degree of supervisory independence allowed. Two jobs were stereotypically masculine (automobile salesperson, and wholesale hardware shipping and receiving clerk), two feminine (telephone operator and office receptionist) and two were sex-neutral (motel desk clerk and photographic darkroom assistant).
Each of the seventy-two personnel consultants who participated received a resume package for an individual that contained the typical kinds of information that a job applicant might submit: academic standing, a list of hobbies and interests, specific skills and recommendations from teachers and counselors. All of the resumes were identical with the exception of the name ("John" vs. "Janet" Williams) and the inclusion of a photograph of the applicant. Photographs showed either an extremely attractive applicant or an unattractive one, previously judged on an attractiveness scale. [br] Karen Dion is one of those researchers who deem that ______.
选项
A、the most beautiful thing in the world is one’s attractive appearance
B、all beautiful things are good things
C、attractive appearance is traditionally devalued
D、it’s an old-fashioned view to value attractive appearance
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3311082.html
相关试题推荐
ThestaplefoodofZimbabweismaize.Peopleeatitasamilledcerealboiledin
人民法院接到起诉状,经审查,应当在7日内定案或者作出裁定不予受理。原告对裁定不服的,可以提起上诉。Whenapeople’scourtreceives
人民法院有权要求当事人提供或者补充证据。人民法院有权向有关行政机关以及其他组织、公民调取证据。Apeople’scourtshallhavethea
Mycreedasanartististolovelifeandlibertyandtheworldofpeople.Aman
老黄老了,人称“黄老”。老啦,没办法,吃过晚饭,看了点电视新闻,有些迷糊了,打算洗个澡,泡泡脚,上床寻梦去。Mr.Huangwasold.People
我们在平等互利的基础上同各国进行贸易。Wetradewithpeopleinallcountriesonthebasisofequalit
AWesternintelligenceagencyestimatesbetween20to30peoplehavediedinthe
Thoughmindfulofitsevils,manypeoplebelievebureaucracyisunavoidable.
ThelocalPeulpeopleareherders,oftennomadic.当地的颇耳族人(Peul)都是牧民,且常常过着游牧生活。本句中
Someotherpeoplebelievethatsustainabledevelopmentisavaguetermandthat
随机试题
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacritic
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas"Theapplicationofallsciencestothestu
阅读《紫藤萝瀑布》教学实录(节选),回答下面的问题。 师:我们都已预习过《紫藤
下列不属于合成高分子材料的是()。A、塑料 B、沥青 C、涂料 D、胶粘剂
试述美国心理学家马斯洛的需要层次理论。(提示:将五种基本的需要,由低级到高级顺序
注册会计师在评价一项控制缺陷是否可能导致错报时,下列说法中,正确的是()。A.
劳动过程中,人体受工作负荷的影响产生负担,随时间不断积累,从而引发疲劳。按疲劳产
某发电厂过电压保护及绝缘配合的设计中。 烟囱顶面距地面高210m,顶上设有2
根据《水利水电工程施工企业主要负责人、项目负责人和专职安全生产管理人员安全生产考
对肝硬化门脉高压诊断最有价值的是( )。A.超声显示肝脏回声不均匀 B.蜘蛛
最新回复
(
0
)