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  3. Jan Hendrik Schon’s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only

Jan Hendrik Schon’s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only

游客2023-12-25  19
问题     Jan Hendrik Schon’s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers—one every 16 days-detailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers—which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature—the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of due reward.
    In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.
    Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the acclaims from academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.
    Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they’re more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist’s "Impact Factor", a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the "Impact Factor" as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they’re considering supporting. [br] Compared with other journals, Nature and Science would give the authors an extra benefit that their papers________.
选项 A、will be more likely to become influential and be cited
B、will be more likely to be free from challenge by peers
C、will be reviewed with greater care to ensure the authority
D、will reappear in their original in papers like The New York Times
答案 D
解析 根据题干的extra benefit可定位至第3段最后一句，该句提到，与其他刊物不同的是，论文若发表在《科学》和《自然》杂志上，还可能被《纽约时报》和其他出版物相中刊登，因此D项的表述与之相符。A项“更可能被引用，变得有影响力”，文中第4段只提到了这种可能性，但并不是期刊本身能直接给到的福利，因此D项更符合要求。B项和C项在文中均无提及。
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