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  3. Some people claim that competition is more important than co-operation in th

Some people claim that competition is more important than co-operation in th

游客2023-12-21  22
问题     Some people claim that competition is more important than co-operation in the present-day society. How far do you agree with these people? You are to write a con, position of about 300 words on the following topic:
                                   COMPETITION OR CO-OPERATION
    In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have witten to a natural conclusion or a summary.
    Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
选项
答案                                       Competition or Cooperation?
    Last week, our department held an English debate on which was more important in the present-day society, cooperation or competition. The affirmative side argued for the priority of cooperation as opposed to competition, whereas the negative side defended the reverse. After a tug-of-war, neither side seemed to gain enough ground.  Finally, the affirmative side won, largely thanks to our traditional preference for cooperation. I was neither a contestant nor a referee at that time. If I had been either of them, I would, in support of the negative side, have drummed for the contention that competition is more important than cooperation in the current situation.
    To start with, competition is a pervasive necessity that grows out of the modern times. High school students need to compete for entrance into top universities. University students must compete for academic recognition and a bright future.  Employees should compete for prospects of promotion and pay raises. If some compete for good things, some others have to compete in order to avoid bad things:  failure to pursue further education, inability to graduate with a degree, or loss of hopes to prolong employment. In the context of economic globalization, domestic manufacturers also must compete with their international counterparts.  With survival at stake, they will take the initiative to upgrade their products and better their services. Cooperation may also contribute to the improvements, but it may prove ineffective when the interests of the parties involved are at odds, which is often the case in today’s society.
    Moreover, competition is the source of greater dynamic power than cooperation today. Where individualism counts, the pressure from competition can help to tap one’s potential. This is best exemplified by athletic sports.  By virtue of competition man gets to know his limits. In the course of competition, we aspire to do our best and perfect ourselves. If China is to prosper in the new century, we Chinese people, from intellectuals to the illiterate, must take an active part in the competition and survive all challenges from within and abroad. Competition ensues from the operation and advance of market economy. In the new system, one gets paid by how much he does and how well he does it.  With their own interests involved, people naturally do their uttermost to take care of their concerns.  In fact, only with the introduction of competitive mechanism can we effectively crash the egalitarianism that has bound the Chinese people for centuries, so that industry is encouraged and laziness is punished.  In this connection, cooperation does not seem to work.
    Of course, the emphasis on the primacy of competition above does not entail the rejection of cooperation. By all means, cooperation is essential when an individual endeavour promises no positive results. There are such occasions in the present society. For instance, the well-known multinational collaboration project on the decoding of human genome engaged a constellation of scientists from different countries and regions.  Even in a common laboratory, cooperation in one form or another is highly valued and practised.
    To sum up, competition figures more significantly than cooperation in the present-day society for varied reasons.  Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that given its dominant role competition is no substitute for cooperation.  A rational attitude might be to practise competition on the basis of cooperation and foster cooperation in the course of competition.
解析 第1段：引出论题，可从某场题为“竞争与合作”的辩论入手，引出竞争与合作对于当今社会发展的巨大作用。然后，摆出某种极端观点，继而提出自己的观点，即部分支持该观点(如在当今社会中竞争比合作更重要)。
第2段：给出主题句，说明该观点的合理之处至少有几个方面。首先，竞争是时代和社会形势的需要。在经济全球化的浪潮中，各种市场皆是残酷无情的，优胜劣汰，只有通过竞争，产品才会不断完善，只有通过竞争，人才能不断充实、完善自己。在当今社会，竞争是发展的动力源，竞争可以激发个人和社会潜力，犹如在竞技体育中一样，正是出于竞争，人们在不断突破人类极限，超越自我。其次，在当今社会，引进竞争机制和观念有利于打破长期禁锢国人的消极均衡主义思想，鼓励先进，鞭笞惰性。由此及其他，可见竞争的重要性是无法估量的。
第3段：给出主题句，指出该观点也有其不尽合理之处。例如，这一看法会容易使人看不到竞争的消极方面。因此，这一看法容易使人忽视合作的重要性和必要性，合作和竞争都是社会发展所必需的。许多重大成果或发现都是合作的结晶。有不少大型项目(如人类基因组解码工程)就是典型的跨国合作。
第4段：总结上面的讨论，重申自己的观点。再作进一步的引申，例如，指出我们应正确处理合作与竞争的关系，否则会酿出不良的后果。理智的做法是，在合作基础上竞争，在竞争中合作。
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