首页
登录
职称英语
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lac
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lac
游客
2023-12-20
23
管理
问题
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machine’s "intelligence" on the details of its own perceptions--its inability to be guided by any large con text. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind. single minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simple-mindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent.
Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field--theoretical equations.
Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take liter ally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians’ literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists’ theoretical assumptions, that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context--what happens if the axioms are relaxed?--is thereby ignored.
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. [br] The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to ______.
选项
A、indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great extent on machines
B、illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solving
C、compare the work of mathematicians with that of computer programmers
D、provide one definition of intelligence
答案
B
解析
主旨大意题。作者引出计算机人工智能存在的问题,那就是无法对指令进行分辨。因此B为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3290881.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]HowmanypeopleintheUnitedStatesownacomputer?Accordin
[originaltext]HowmanypeopleintheUnitedStatesownacomputer?Accordin
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
OnDecember5,1945,at2:00pm,agroupof【C1】______tookoffinperfectwe
随机试题
[originaltext]M:ManystudentsarecomplainingaboutProf.Gilmore’slectures.
[originaltext]Thewaytocomplainistoactbusiness-likeandimportant.If
路面应具有下述一系列性能:( )指路面整体结构能够抵抗各种外力综合作用,而不发
A.短暂性脑缺血发作 B.脑血栓形成 C.脑栓塞 D.脑出血 E.蛛网膜
负责中药饮片临方炮制工作的应当是A.具有1年以上炮制经验的中药学专业技术人员B.
蛋白类抗原可用哪种固定剂固定?( )A.乙醚 B.乙醇 C.丙酮 D.1
某房地产经纪公司在A区有房地产租售项目,该项目周边为中心商务区,上班人员80%以
奥美拉唑治疗消化道溃疡的机制是A.抑制H-K-ATP酶B.抗幽门螺杆菌C.保护溃
化疗最常见的副作用是()。A.造血功能障碍 B.消化道反应 C.肝、肾功能
女性,56岁。2天前突发持续上腹痛,阵发加剧,并腰背部胀痛,恶心、呕吐,急诊入院
最新回复
(
0
)