首页
登录
职称英语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon.
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon.
游客
2023-12-20
22
管理
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】________them is a different matter. 【1】________
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night? shows the【2】________of the activity. It is 【2】________
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】________of dream performing 【3】________
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】________, i.e. 【4】________
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream representsa more, or less,【5】_______course 【5】________
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】________type. They help to 【6】________
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】________difficulties and 【7】________
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】________. In our dreams we 【8】________
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】________us to some external reality, 【9】________
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】________one, is the predictive function. 【10】________
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams may have. [br] 【7】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience--the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past-as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream: that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus: the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe inthe possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, and then complete the gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One in ten minutes.
(a 12-minute interval)
选项
答案
predicting/forecasting
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3290509.html
相关试题推荐
Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,
Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,
Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,
Crypticcoloringisbyfarthecommonestuseofcolorinthestruggleforex
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
随机试题
Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidencesofthedepressing
【B1】______Whentheydryup,theyleaveuglyscarsontheskin.Forcenturies
高中地理《大规模的海水运动》
CNNIC于2008年7月发表的《第22次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示,我
A.听声音、闻气味 B.看全身、观局部 C.触肌肤、按脉搏 D.看关节、审
左边给定的是多面体的外表面,右边哪一项能由它折叠而成?请把它找出来。 A.如上
食物中毒:蘑菇A.矿难:煤炭 B.海啸:地震 C.骚乱:警察 D.
20世纪影响最广泛的儿童思维发展理论是()的儿童思维阶段理论。 A.桑代
甲国某核电站因极强地震引发爆炸后,甲国政府依国内法批准将核电站含低浓度放射性物质
关于竣工财务决算的说法中,正确的是()。A:已具备竣工验收条件的项目,若一个月内
最新回复
(
0
)