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  3. While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whol

While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whol

游客2023-12-20  31
问题    While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of social science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting social strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challenging question led to a burst of creative effort that added much to our understanding of the phenomena of leadership, public opinion, rumour, propaganda, prejudice, attitude change, morale, communication, decision- making, race relations, and conflicts of war.
   Reviewing the decade that followed World War Il, Cartwright speaks of the "excitement and optimism" of American social psychologists, and notes "the tremendous increase in the total number of people calling themselves social psychologists." Most of these, we may add, show little awareness of the history of their field.
   Practical and humanitarian motives have always played an important part in the development of social psychology, not only in America but in other lands as well. Yet there have been discordant and dissenting voices. In the opinion of Herbert Spencer in England, of Ludwig Gumplowicz in Austria, and of William Graham .Sumner in the United States, it is both futile and dangerous for man to attempt to steer or to speed social change. Social evolution, they argue, requires time and obeys laws beyond the control of man. The only practical service of social science is to warn man not to interfere with the course of nature (or society). But these authors are in a minority. Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view of man’s chances to better his way of life. Has he not already improved his health via biological sciences7 Why should he not better his social relationships via social sciences? For the past century this optimistic outlook has persisted in the face of slender accomplishment to date. Human relations seem stubbornly set. Wars have not been abolished, labour troubles have not abated, and racial tensions are still with us. Give us time and give us money for research, the optimists say. [br] According to the author, social psychology should help man to
选项 A、preserve individual rights.
B、become healthier.
C、be aware of history.
D、improve material welfare.
答案 A
解析 作者认为社会心理学应该在哪方面帮助人们?从问题中我们知道所谓“应该做的事”就是指那些还没能做到的事，也就是第一段中的“challenge"。这样，就能找到答案了：How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting social strain and regimentation?这里的values of freedom和 individual rights所指的意思相近。通过社会心理学来become healthier显然不可能，那是biological sciences的事。C和D在上下文中都有所提及，但内容都不相关。
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