首页
登录
职称英语
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an
游客
2023-12-16
8
管理
问题
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic end literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.
To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth century Athens provide the most obviously examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of programs might help explain the dynamics of historical change.
The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore. Byzantine military achievements lad to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.
No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first, economic second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military, balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion. [br] Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
选项
A、The Byzantine Empire was a unique case in which the usual order of military and economic revival preceding cultural revival was reversed.
B、After 810 Byzantine economic recovery spurred a military and. later, cultural expansion that lasted until 1453.
C、The revival of Byzantine learning is an inexplicable phenomenon, and its economic and military precursors have yet to be discovered.
D、The revival of the Byzantine Empire shows cultural rebirth preceding economic and military revival, the reverse of the commonly accepted order of progress.
答案
D
解析
主旨题。问本文的中心思想,关键在于找主题句,—般位置不是首段或二段首就是末尾,本文在末尾,A“拜占庭帝国是军事、经济、文化复兴逆序出现的唯一例子”错在唯一上;B“810年后经济复苏刺激了军事和文化发展”文章中没有,而且次序也不对;C“文化复兴是不可解释(inexplicable)的现象,其经济,军事的先导(precursors)还有待发现”与作者观点不符,作者认为文化复兴是其他两个的先导。D“文化复兴先于经济和军事复兴,与一般复兴顺序相反”符合,与文章结尾处的主题句“Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.”一致。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3279093.html
相关试题推荐
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtreeoftheHundredYearsWar?A、AwarbetweenFran
Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandart
Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandart
Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandart
Sapir-Whorf’shypothesismeditateontherelationshipbetween_______.A、language
1Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartwer
Itis______whodeclaredtheHundredYears’WarbetweenEnglandandFrance.A、Ed
1Someconsumerresearchersdistinguishbetweenso-calledrationalmotives
1Someconsumerresearchersdistinguishbetweenso-calledrationalmotives
1Someconsumerresearchersdistinguishbetweenso-calledrationalmotives
随机试题
LeviStrausswasborninGermany,and【C1】______toAmericawhenyoung.In185
37岁初产妇,胎膜已破24小时,临产8小时,胎动明显减少1天。住院后查体:体温3
对检验批进行验收,必要时进行()A、抽样检测 B、破坏性试验 C、无损探伤
钩枝密被褐色长柔毛,钩的末端膨大成小球的钩藤原植物是A.大叶钩藤B.华钩藤C.无
下列类型的电梯中,一般需要选用高速电梯的是( )。A:客梯 B:货梯 C:
作业安全风险预警管控遵循“()”的工作原则全面评估 分级管控 统一管控 集
2020年末全国城市公共汽电车运营线路70643条,比上年末增加4913条,运营
A.2×0.787/0.0592 B.0.787/0.0592 C.0.05
()负责组织期货从业人员资格考试。A.中国期货业协会 B.中国证券监督管理委
易并发肺大疱、脓气胸的肺炎是A.流感嗜血杆菌肺炎 B.金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎 C
最新回复
(
0
)