首页
登录
职称英语
Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used
Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used
游客
2023-12-14
58
管理
问题
Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.
The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.
The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one Of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.
However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360rag shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.
The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.
Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Cancasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.
In the meantime, Dr. Schulze’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case. [br] Which of the following is NOT true about UGT2B17, according to the passage?
选项
A、None, one or two working copies of UGT2B17 can be found in different people.
B、Test results would depend on numbers of working copies of UGT2B17.
C、Most Caucasians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.
D、Most Asians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.
答案
C
解析
从最后一段以及前文的描述不难总结出,由于基因型可能影响兴奋剂测试的结果,带上自己的基因分析谱有可能可以为自己辩护,因此选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3272500.html
相关试题推荐
MarriageinAncientEgyptTheancientEgyptiansheldmar
MarriageinAncientEgyptTheancientEgyptiansheldmar
MarriageinAncientEgyptTheancientEgyptiansheldmar
Inbusiness,manyplacesadoptacreditsystem,whichdatesbacktoancient
Inbusiness,manyplacesadoptacreditsystem,whichdatesbacktoancient
Inbusiness,manyplacesadoptacreditsystem,whichdatesbacktoancient
Inbusiness,manyplacesadoptacreditsystem,whichdatesbacktoancient
Inbusiness,manyplacesadoptacreditsystem,whichdatesbacktoancient
Inbusiness,manyplacesadoptacreditsystem,whichdatesbacktoancient
Inbusiness,manyplacesadoptacreditsystem,whichdatesbacktoancient
随机试题
【S1】[br]【S6】created∧Pat—by此句是说,早期著名的动画形象是FelixtheCat,它是由美国的PatSullivan在19
A.①控制器、②运算器、③存储器、④输入设备、⑤输出设备 B.①运算器、②控制
“一国两制”构想最初是为解决台湾问题而提出的。()
以下哪种情况下不适合采用标准的内部审计工作方案?A.经营环境比较稳定,变动极少
某混凝土试块强度值不满足规范要求,但经法定检测单位对混凝土实体强度经过法定检测后
病毒性心肌炎的病变包括( )。A.心肌细胞间质水肿 B.心肌间质内淋巴细胞、
下列表述不正确的是()。A.甲深夜潜入某户人家,正在撬保险柜时,听到户外有警车鸣
融资指一个企业资金筹集的行为与过程,可分为直接融资和间接融资。直接融资是不经金融
关于知识产权海关保护备案与申请扣留侵权嫌疑货物两者之间的关系,下列表述错误的是(
男,36岁。左上臂切割伤5小时。查体:T37.2℃,P70次/分,BP100/6
最新回复
(
0
)